The Heaviest Metals

Name: The Heaviest Metals | Science and Technology of the Actinides and Beyond
Brand: Wiley-Blackwell
Price: 162.99 EUR
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Science and Technology of the Actinides and Beyond

William J. Evans Timothy P. Hanusa(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Blackwell (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 31. Dezember 2018

544 Seiten

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Beschreibung

An authoritative survey of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals

The Heaviest Metals offers an essential resource that covers the fundamentals of the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals as well as the most recent advances in their science and technology. The authors - noted experts in the field - offer an authoritative review of the actinide and transactinide elements, i.e., the elements from actinium to lawrencium as well as rutherfordium through organesson, the current end of the periodic table, element 118.

The text explores the history of the metals, their occurrence and issues of production, and covers a broad range of chemical subjects including environmental concerns and remediation approaches. The authors also offer information on the most recent and emerging applications of the metals, such as in superconducting materials, catalysis, and research into medical diagnostics. This important resource:

* Provides an overview of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals

* Describes the basic chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for their technological applications

* Contains accessible information on the fundamental features of the heaviest metals, special requirements for their experimental study, and the critical role of computational characterization of their compounds

* Highlights the most current and emerging applications in areas such as superconducting materials, catalysis, nuclear forensics, and medicine

* Presents vital contemporary issues of the heaviest metals

Written for graduate students and researchers working with the actinide and transactinide elements, industrial and academic inorganic and nuclear chemists, and engineers, The Heaviest Metals is a comprehensive volume that explores the fundamental chemistry and properties of the heaviest metals, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their present and emerging technological uses.

Weitere Details

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Series Preface
Volume Preface
Part 1 Background
Chapter 1 Discovery of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements
1 Introduction
2 What Are the Actinides and the Transactinides?
3 The Place of the Actinides and Transactinides in the Periodic Table
4 The Pre-uranium Actinides: Actinium, Protactinium, and Thorium
5 Discovery of Uranium Fission
6 The Berkeley Hegemony
7 The First Transuranides: Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, and Californium
8 Einsteinium and Fermium: Children of a Blast
9 The First Transfermium Elements or the Last of the Actinides: Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium
10 The First Transactinides
11 The Uncontested GSI Elemental Discoveries
12 The Last Tenants in the Periodic Table
13 Period 8: The Superactinides and Beyond
14 Conclusion
15 Acknowledgments
16 Endnotes
17 Related Articles
18 Abbreviations and Acronyms
19 Further Reading
20 References
Chapter 2 Production of Plutonium
1 Introduction
2 Separation of Plutonium from Irradiated Fuel and Targets
3 Conversion Chemistry
4 Metal Preparation and Purification
5 High-Purity Metal Preparation
6 Acknowledgments
7 Related Articles
8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
9 References
Chapter 3 Controlling Actinide Extraction Chemistry (Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides as Part of Nuclear Fuel Recycling)
1 Introduction
2 Spent Nuclear Fuel
3 Actinide and Lanthanide Chemistry
4 Extraction Processes
5 Ligand Design and Methodology
6 Sanex Process Ligands
7 Conclusions
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Part 2 Fundamentals
Chapter 4 Electronic Structure of the Actinide Elements
1 Introduction
2 Valence Orbitals and Relativistic Effects
3 Ligand-Field and Spin-Orbit Interactions
4 Magnetic Properties as Probes for the Electronic Structure
5 Concluding Remarks and Outlook
6 Acknowledgments
7 Related Articles
8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
9 References
Chapter 5 Electronic Structure of the Transactinide Atoms
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Applications
4 Beginning of the Eighth Period-Relativistic Effects Increase
5 Summary and Conclusion
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Chapter 6 Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements
1 Introduction
2 Methods Used in the Study of the Transactinide Elements
3 Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements
4 Conclusion
5 Related Articles
6 Abbreviations and Acronyms
7 References
Chapter 7 Multiple Bonding in Actinide Chemistry
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
3 Computational Studies
4 Conclusions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Chapter 8 Electronic Structure of Actinide Oxides
1 Introduction
2 Actinide Dioxides
3 Actinide Sesquioxides
4 Other Actinide Oxides
5 Concluding Remarks
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Part 3 Characterization Methods
Chapter 9 Crystallography of Actinide Complexes
1 Introduction
2 Actinide Crystal Structures
3 Isotopes for Structural Chemistry Studies
4 Crystal Structures of Thorium Complexes
5 Crystal Structures of Uranium Complexes
6 Crystal Structures of Neptunium and Plutonium Complexes
7 Crystal Structures of Rare Actinide Complexes: Ac, Pa, Am, Cm, Bk
8 Challenges of Data Collection and Refinement of Actinide-Containing Structures
9 Conclusions
10 Acknowledgments
11 Related Articles
12 Abbreviations and Acronyms
13 References
Chapter 10 Solid State NMR of Actinide-Containing Compounds
1 Introduction
2 NMR in a Nutshell
3 NMR on Nuclei of Actinide Atoms
4 NMR on Nuclei of Ligand Atoms: 17O NMRM in the Actinide Oxides AnO2
5 Conclusion
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Chapter 11 Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Actinide Compounds
1 Introduction
2 The Mossbauer Effect
3 Experimental Techniques
4 Hyperfine Interactions
5 NpFeAsO
6 NpTGa5
7 Summary
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Chapter 12 Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Actinide Materials
1 Introduction
2 Photoemission from Reduced Actinide Systems and Compounds
3 Photoemission of Oxidized Actinide Systems
4 Actinides Oxides-Surface Reduction
5 Related Articles
6 Abbreviations and Acronyms
7 References
Chapter 13 Laser-Based Spectroscopic Studies of Actinide Complexes
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Considerations
3 Time-Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy of U(VI)
4 Spectrophotometry Coupled with LWCC of U(IV)
5 Laser-Induced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Pu(VI)
6 Spectrophotometry and TRLFS of Am(III)
7 Conclusions
8 Acknowledgments
9 Endnote
10 Related Articles
11 Abbreviations and Acronyms
12 References
Chapter 14 Ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations for Actinide and Transactinide Atoms and Molecules
1 Introduction
2 General Considerations
3 Relativistic Hamiltonians
4 Basis Sets
5 Computational Methods
6 Program Systems
7 Range of Applications
8 Conclusions
9 Acknowledgment
10 Related Articles
11 Abbreviations and Acronyms
12 References
Part 4 Distinctive Chemistry
Chapter 15 Divalent Actinides and Transactinides: Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes
1 Introduction
2 Divalent Actinide Molecular Species in the Gas Phase
3 Divalent Actinide Molecular Species in Cryogenic Noble Gas Matrices
4 Divalent Actinide Molecular Complexes in Condensed Phases (Solution and Solid)
5 Divalent Transactinide Molecular Species
6 Conclusion
7 Acknowledgments
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Chapter 16 Organometallic Chemistry of Pentavalent Uranium
1 Introduction
2 Complexes of Uranium(V) with Aromatic Substituents: Metallocenes and Arenes
3 U(V) Hydrocarbyls: Alkyls and Carbenes
4 Miscellaneous U(V)-CO Interactions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Chapter 17 Amido Complexes of the Actinides
1 Introduction
2 Amido Complexes
3 Conclusion
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Chapter 18 Actinide Pnictogen Complexes
1 Introduction
2 Neutral Coordinating Ligands
3 Monoanionic Ligands
4 Dianionic Ligands
5 Trianionic Ligands
6 Elemental Cyclic Bridging Ligands
7 Conclusion
8 Related Articles
9 References
Chapter 19 Actinide Borohydrides
1 Introduction
2 Homoleptic Tetrahydroborate Complexes
3 Homoleptic Methyltrihydroborate Complexes
4 Lewis Base Adducts of BH4- and BH3Me- Complexes
5 Aminodiboranate Complexes
6 Other Actinide Borohydride Complexes
7 Conclusion
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Chapter 20 Supramolecular and Macrocyclic Chemistry of the Actinides
1 Introduction
2 Supramolecular Assemblies Involving Actinides
3 Actinide-Related Macrocyclic Systems
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Chapter 21 Actinide Polyoxometalates
1 Introduction
2 Structures of Uranyl Peroxide POMs
3 General Features of Uranyl Peroxide POMs
4 Formation and Dynamics of Uranyl Peroxide POMs
5 Uranyl Peroxide Clusters in Solution
6 Applications of Uranyl Peroxide Clusters
7 Nonperoxide Actinide POMs
8 Conclusion
9 Related Articles
10 Abbreviations and Acronyms
11 References
Part 5 Environmental and Health Issues
Chapter 22 Actinide Speciation and Bioavailability in Fresh and Marine Surface Waters
1 Introduction
2 Metal Speciation
3 Chemical Trends and Features of the Actinides
4 Actinide Speciation in Natural Surface Waters
5 Actinium
6 Thorium
7 Protactinium
8 Uranium
9 Neptunium
10 Plutonium
11 Americium
12 Curium
13 Berkelium
14 Californium
15 Global Trends in Surface Water Chemistry and Influence on Actinide Speciation And Bioavailability
16 Water Quality Guidelines for Protecting Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems
17 Actinide Bioaccumulation
18 Recommendations for Further Work
19 Acknowledgments
20 Glossary
21 Related Articles
22 Abbreviations and Acronyms
23 References
Chapter 23 Transuranic Biogeochemistry
1 Introduction
2 Aqueous Chemical Speciation of Transuranic Elements under Environmental Conditions in the Absence of Microbial Interactions
3 Transuranic Element Association and Transformation by Microorganisms
4 Concluding Remarks and Future Work
5 Related Articles
6 Abbreviations and Acronyms
7 References
Chapter 24 Sustainable Remediation in Complex Geologic Systems
1 Introduction
2 Site Characterization
3 Hydrological Model Development
4 Geochemical Model Development
5 Case Study in Remediation
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Chapter 25 Nuclear Forensics
1 Introduction
2 Nuclear Forensic Signatures
3 Summary
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Chapter 26 Actinides in Medicine
1 Introduction
2 Actinides in Medicine
3 Outlook and Conclusion
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Part 6 Special Applications
Chapter 27 Actinide Elements in Catalysis
1 Introduction
2 Catalytic Transformations of Alkynes
3 Catalytic Coupling of Aldehydes
4 Catalytic Addition of Protic Nucleophiles (E-H) to Heterocumulenes
5 Dehydrocoupling of Amines and Silanes
6 Catalytic Reduction of Azides and Hydrazines
7 Polymerization Reactions Mediated by Organoactinide Complexes
8 Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides
9 Uranium in the Electro Catalytic Production of H2 from Water and Coupling of Carbon Monoxide
10 Reductive Homologation and Functionalization of Carbon Monoxide
11 Conclusion
12 Acknowledgments
13 Related Articles
14 Abbreviations and Acronyms
15 References
Chapter 28 Superconductivity of the Heaviest Metals and Their Compounds
1 Introduction
2 5f-Electrons and Their Influence on Superconductivity and Magnetic Order in Trans-actiniums up to Pu
3 Actinides beyond Pu
4 Concluding Remarks
5 Related Articles
6 Abbreviations and Acronyms
7 References
Index
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