Case Studies in Neurology, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics,

Name: Case Studies in Neurology, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics, | Case Studies in Neurology, an Issue of Neurologic Clinics, E-Book
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Case Studies in Neurology, an Issue of Neurologic Clinics, E-Book

Randolph W. Evans(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 2. August 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Preface
Neurology Case Studies: Cerebrovascular Disease
Neurotherapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis
Syncope: Case Studies
Distal Myopathies: Case Studies
Sleep Disorders in Neurologic Practice: A Case-based Approach
Evaluating and Treating Epilepsy Based on Clinical Subgroups: Elderly Onset Seizure and Medically Resistant Partial-Onset E ...
Neuro-Ophthalmology Cases for the Neurologist
Case Studies of Uncommon and Rare Headache Disorders
Case Studies in Tremor
Functional Disorders in Neurology: Case Studies
Case Studies in Neurocritical Care
Case Studies Illustrating Focal Alzheimer's, Fluent Aphasia, Late-Onset Memory Loss, and Rapid Dementia
Neurology of Pregnancy: A Case-Oriented Review
Sports Neurology in Clinical Practice: Case Studies
Neurological Fallacies Leading to Malpractice: A Case Studies Approach
NEUROLOGIC CLINICS
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
November 2016
February 2017
May 2017
RECENT ISSUES
May 2016
February 2016
November 2015
Preface: Case Studies in Neurology
REFERENCE
Neurology Case Studies
Key points
CASE 1: MANAGEMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC INTRACRANIAL ARTERY STENOSIS
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 2: AN INTERESTING CASE OF MIGRAINE HEADACHE AND STROKE
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 3: A PATIENT WITH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONS AND OTITIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 4: INTRACRANIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 5: AN IMPORTANT HERITABLE CAUSE OF STROKE AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 6: AN INTERESTING CLINICO-NEURORADIOLOGIC ENTITY IN PREGNANCY
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Neurotherapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION-APPROVED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS THERAPIES
Injectables
Interferon-beta
Monitoring interferons
Adverse reactions
Neutralizing antibodies
Glatiramer acetate
Adverse reactions
Isolated postinjection reaction
Injection site reactions
Lipoatrophy
Orals
Fingolimod
Adverse effects
Laboratory derangements
Cardiac effects
Ophthalmic complications
Infections
Neoplasms
Pulmonary complications
Worsening of disease activity
Monitoring
Teriflunomide
Adverse effects
Dosing and monitoring
Dimethyl fumarate
Adverse effects
Dosing and monitoring
Infusions
Natalizumab
Infusion-related reactions
Antinatalizumab antibodies
Laboratory abnormalities
Infections
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Cessation of natalizumab therapy
Extended-interval dosing of natalizumab
Alemtuzumab
Adverse effects
Infusion-related reactions
De novo autoimmunity
Infections
Malignancy
Role in multiple sclerosis therapy
Rituximab
Dosage and monitoring
Adverse reactions
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Mycophenolate mofetil
Adverse effects
Dosing and monitoring
Mitoxantrone
Choosing a DMT
Fertility and pregnancy
USE OF DMTS DURING PREGNANCY
Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation and its Management
Management of acute relapses during pregnancy
Use of symptomatic therapies
Outline placeholder
Corticosteroid therapy
Corticosteroid therapy for acute exacerbations
Pulsed corticosteroid therapy
Adverse effects
Plasmapheresis
Adverse effects
Dose
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Intravenous immunoglobulin for long-term immunomodulation
Intravenous immunoglobulin for pregnancy and lactation
Dosing
Adverse reactions
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy
How and when to use pulse cyclophosphamide therapy
High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy
Adverse effects
SUMMARY
Clinic pearls
Case vignette
Clinic approach
REFERENCES
Syncope: Case Studies
Key points
INTRODUCTION
REFLEX SYNCOPE
Case 1
VASOVAGAL SYNCOPE
TILT-TABLE TESTING
Case 2
CAROTID SINUS HYPERSENSITIVITY
SITUATIONAL SYNCOPE
Case 3
CONVULSIVE SYNCOPE
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
Case 4
CHRONIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Case 5
ACUTE AND SUBACUTE AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY
Case 6
PARKINSONISM AND AUTONOMIC FAILURE
TREATMENT OF ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
Case 7
IDIOPATHIC ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE
REFERENCES
Distal Myopathies
Key points
CASE 1: DYSPHAGIA AND HANDS WEAKNESS (SEE FIG. 1 FOR VIDEO 1)
Reference
CASE 2: CHRONIC DYSPHAGIA AND HANDS STIFFNESS (SEE FIG. 2 FOR VIDEO 2)
Reference
CASE 3: FACIAL WEAKNESS, DYSPHAGIA, AND DISTAL WEAKNESS (SEE FIG. 3 FOR VIDEO 3)
Reference
CASE 4: SCAPULAR WINGING AND FOOT DROP (SEE FIG. 4 FOR VIDEO 4)
CASE 5: SEVERE PROXIMAL AND DISTAL WEAKNESS (SEE FIG. 5 FOR VIDEO 5)
CASE 6: CHRONIC FACIAL AND HAND GRIP WEAKNESS (SEE FIG. 6 FOR VIDEO 6)
CASE 7: A POLICEMAN WHO COULD NOT PULL THE TRIGGER (SEE FIG. 7 FOR VIDEO 7)
References
)
Reference
CASE 9: BILATERAL FOOT DROP AND QUADRICEPS WEAKNESS (SEE FIG. 9 FOR VIDEO 9)
References
CASE 10: WRIST AND FINGER FLEXORS WEAKNESS AND MYOPATHIC ELECTROMYOGRAM (SEE FIG. 10 FOR VIDEO 10)
Reference
CASE 11: FAMILIAL HOARSENESS AND FOOT DROP (SEE FIG. 11 FOR VIDEO 11)
Diagnosis
CASE 12: A FISHERMAN WHO CANNOT PEEL SHRIMP ANYMORE (SEE FIG. 12 FOR VIDEO 12)
Reference
CASE 13: PAINLESS FINGERS DROP (SEE FIG. 13 FOR VIDEO 13)
Reference
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Sleep Disorders in Neurologic Practice
Key points
CASE A: EPILEPSY AND SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of Case Presentation
CASE B: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND INSOMNIA
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of Case Presentation
CASE C: ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER, ADVANCED SLEEP PHASE TYPE
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of Case Presentation
CASE D: SECONDARY NARCOLEPSY IN A PATIENT WITH NEUROSARCOIDOSIS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of the Case Presentation
CASE E: RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME MANIFESTING WITH SLEEP-ONSET INSOMNIA, POOR QUALITY OF LIFE, AND EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of the Case Presentation
CASE F: RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER
Case Presentation
Clinical Questions
Discussion
Summary of the Case Presentation
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Evaluating and Treating Epilepsy Based on Clinical Subgroups
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CASE 1: EPILEPSY IN THE ELDERLY
What is the Differential Diagnosis for Episodes of Confusion in the Elderly?
What Features in This Patient's History Help Distinguish Seizure from Other Causes Such As Syncope?
What Clinical Tests are Useful for Evaluating Seizures in This 60-Year-Old Patient?
How Common is New-Onset Epilepsy in Older Adults Such As This Patient, and What are Important Causes of Seizures in the Eld ...
What are the Most Common Causes of New-Onset Seizures in the Elderly?
How are Seizures Linked to Hypertension and Microvascular Disease?
In Addition to Blood Pressure Control, What Lifestyle Modifications Would Help This Patient?
What Special Considerations Affect the Choice of Antiepileptic Drugs in This Patient and in the Elderly?
CASE 2: MEDICALLY RESISTANT EPILEPSY
Does This Patient Have Drug-Resistant Epilepsy?
What are Additional Treatment Options for Her?
This Patient's Goal is to Obtain Her Drivers' License and Minimize Disability Associated with Seizures. What are the Next S ...
What Additional Testing Should be Done on This Patient?
Is This Patient a Surgical Candidate?
Would This Patient Still be a Surgical Candidate if Her MRI was Normal?
Would This Patient Still be a Surgical Candidate if Her Scalp Electroencephalogram did Not Show a Clear Lateralization?
What is This Patient's Expected Seizure Outcome from Left Temporal Lobectomy?
Will She Have Any Memory or Speech Impairment After Surgery?
What if She had Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Rather than Temporal Lobe Epilepsy? Would She Still be a Surgical Candidate?
This Patient Wants to Minimize Her Risks for Cognitive Loss and Minimize Recovery Time after Surgery. Are There Alternative ...
If This Patient had Both Left and Right Temporal Lobe Seizures During Video Electroencephalogram Monitoring, Would She Have ...
REFERENCES
Neuro-Ophthalmology Cases for the Neurologist
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CASE 1: GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 2: MUCORMYCOSIS
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 3: PITUITARY APOPLEXY
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 4: THIRD NERVE PALSY
Clinical Questions
Discussion
CASE 5: CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION
Clinical Questions
Discussion
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Case Studies of Uncommon and Rare Headache Disorders
Key points
CASE 1. A 12-DAY MIGRAINE WITH RECURRING AURA?
Neuroimaging
CASE 2. A MIGRAINEUR WITH A NEW CONSTANT HEADACHE FOR 1 MONTH
Neuroimaging and Follow-up
CASE 3. AN ORTHOSTATIC HEADACHE
Neuroimaging Results
CASE 4. A UNILATERAL HEADACHE
CASE 5. MIGRAINE WITH AURA AND LIMB PAIN WITHOUT HEADACHE
CASE 6. NOCTURNAL HEADACHES
REFERENCES
Case Studies in Tremor
Key points
CASE 1: TREMOR IN A WOMAN WITH BIPOLAR DISEASE
Case Presentation
What Are the Key Features of the History Which Will Help Achieve the Diagnosis?
What Features of the Examination Will Help to Achieve the Diagnosis?
Is Additional Testing Necessary?
What Is the Treatment and How Do I Counsel the Patient?
CASE 2: ASYMMETRIC TREMOR IN A MAN WITH COMPLAINTS OF IMPAIRED ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING
Case Presentation
What Features of the History Will Help to Achieve a Diagnosis?
What Features of the Examination Will Help to Achieve a Diagnosis?
Is Additional Testing Necessary?
What Is the Treatment and How Do I Counsel the Patient?
CASE 3: A WOMAN WITH 1 YEAR OF NECK TREMOR
Case Presentation
What Are the Key Features of the History Which Will Help Achieve the Diagnosis?
What Features of the Examination Will Help to Achieve Diagnosis?
Is Additional Testing Necessary?
What Is the Treatment and How Do I Counsel the Patient?
CASE 4: A MAN WITH AN ACUTE ONSET OF SEVERE TREMOR DURING REST AND ACTION
Case Presentation
What Are the Key Features of the History Which Will Help Achieve the Diagnosis?
What Features of the Examination Will Help to Achieve the Diagnosis?
Is Additional Testing Necessary?
What Is the Treatment and How Do I Counsel the Patient?
CASE 5: TREMOR IN A WOMAN WITH COGNITIVE AND MOTOR DECLINE
Case Presentation
CLINICAL QUESTIONS
What Are the Key Features of the History Which Will Help Achieve the Diagnosis?
What Features of the Examination Will Help to Achieve the Diagnosis?
Is Additional Testing Necessary?
What Is the Treatment and How Do I Counsel the Patient?
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Functional Disorders in Neurology
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CASE 1. JERKY BODY MOVEMENTS AFTER AN UNPLEASANT ANESTHETIC
What Is the Diagnosis and How is It Confirmed?
Investigation
Treatment
CASE 2. PERSISTENT AND DISABLING DIZZINESS IN A YOUNG WOMAN
What Is the Diagnosis?
Investigations
Treatment
CASE 3. NEW ONSET STUTTERING IN AN ADULT
What Is the Diagnosis?
Investigations and Workup
Treatment
CASE 4. FATIGUE, HEADACHE, AND COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS AFTER A MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
What Is the Diagnosis?
Treatment
CASE 5. TREATMENT OF DISSOCIATIVE (NONEPILEPTIC) ATTACKS OR SEIZURES
What Is the Diagnosis?
What Can Be Learned from Treatment?
CASE 6. TREATMENT OF FIXED DYSTONIA
What Is the Diagnosis?
What Can Be Learned from the Physiotherapy Approach in This Case?
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REFERENCES
Case Studies in Neurocritical Care
Key points
CASE 1: COMPLICATIONS AFTER A STROKE
Clinical Messages
CASE 2: EXTREME AGITATION IN AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS
Clinical Messages
CASE 3: SEIZURES AFTER SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE
Clinical Messages
CASE 4: COMPLICATIONS AFTER ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Clinical Messages
CASE 5: STATUS EPILEPTICUS AFTER CARDIAC ARREST
Clinical Messages
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Case Studies Illustrating Focal Alzheimer's, Fluent Aphasia, Late-Onset Memory Loss, and Rapid Dementia
Key points
INTRODUCTION
FOCAL CORTICAL PRESENTATIONS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Posterior Cortical Atrophy
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
Corticobasal Syndrome
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
FLUENT APHASIA
Semantic Dementia
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
Logopenic Aphasia
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
LATE-ONSET DEMENTIA
Hippocampal Sclerosis
Clinical case
Clinical features compared with typical AD
Limbic-Predominant Alzheimer's Disease
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE DEMENTIA
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
Limbic Encephalitis
Clinical case
Clinical features
Pathophysiology
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Neurology of Pregnancy
Key points
PREGNANCY PHYSIOLOGY
CASE 1: ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE DURING PREGNANCY
Questions
Imaging During Pregnancy
Safety of Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Pregnancy
Safety of Intra-Arterial Therapy in Pregnancy
Mechanisms of Stroke During Pregnancy
CASE 2: ECLAMPSIA
Questions
Definition of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
Risks of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
Pathophysiology
Management
CASE 3: REVERSIBLE VASOSPASM SYNDROME
Questions
Presentation
Pathophysiology
Precipitants
Management
CASE 4: MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Questions
Multiple Sclerosis Genetics
Medication Management
Effect of Pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis
Breastfeeding
CASE 5: EPILEPSY
Questions
Teratogenicity Profiles of Antiepileptic Drugs
Maternal and Fetal Risks from Seizure During Pregnancy
Changes in Management of Antiepileptic Drugs During Pregnancy
CASE 6: FEMORAL NEUROPATHY
Questions
Incidence of Postpartum Lower Extremity Neuropathy
Causes of Femoral Neuropathy in the Postpartum Period
Prognosis
CASE 7: CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Questions
Incidence
How Is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy Different?
Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Pregnancy
REFERENCES
Sports Neurology in Clinical Practice
Key points
CASE 1: SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION AND ASSOCIATED HEADACHE
Discussion
Diagnosis
Treatment
CASE 2: CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Discussion
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Comments
CASE 3: SPORT-RELATED HEADACHE
Discussion
Clinical Features
Pathophysiology
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
CASE 4: THE NEUROLOGIC BENEFIT OF EXERCISE
Introduction
Background
Physiologic and Structural Changes
Discussion
REFERENCES
Neurological Fallacies Leading to Malpractice
Key points
CASE 1: MANAGEMENT OF THE INTRACRANIAL ARACHNOID CYST
Case Presentation
Questions
Discussion
Comments
What is an arachnoid cyst?
What symptoms are associated with arachnoid cysts?
Decompressive surgery for arachnoid cysts
Does decompressive cyst surgery help?
What about the neurologist?
Recommendations
CASE 2: NEUROIMAGING PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED HEADACHE
Case Presentation
Questions
Discussion
Background
Comments
Recommendations
CASE 3: THROMBOLYSIS FOR STROKE ON AWAKENING
Case Presentation
Questions
Discussion
Background
Comments
Recommendations
CASE 4: CEREBRAL PALSY, ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING, AND HYPOTHERMIA
Case Presentation
Question
Discussion
The records
The report
Cerebral palsy section
Electronic fetal monitoring section
Hypothermia section
Recommendations
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index

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