Advanced Thermoforming

Foreword xi

Preface to Second Edition xvii

Preface to First Edition xix

Introduction to Second Edition xxi

1. Introduction 1

2. Basics of Thermoforming and Thermoplastics 5

3. Production of Semifinished Products, Extrusion, and Coextrusion 12

4. Introduction to Technical Parts 28

5. Antenna Radome Manufacturing 29

6. Fuel Tank Production on Sheet Machines 33

7. Automotive Body and Commercial Vehicle Applications 41

8. Production of Refrigerator Liners 48

9. Paint Replacement in Automotive Applications 61

10. Motor Air Intake Made from PA 6 GF 15 70

11. Sanitary Equipment (Sheet Machine) 72

12. Thermoforming and Milling of Large-Scale Formed Parts (Sheet Machine) 76

13. Changeover of Sheet Machines 84

14. Chromed Parts 92

15. Applications in Aircraft and Mass Transportation 94

16. High-Quality and Fully Transparent Products (Sheet Machines) 103

17. Deco Molding and Multi-deco Molding 106

18. Smart Manufacturing 119

19. Automotive Body Parts Made of PA + ABS 125

20. Softfeel Made from ABS/TPU Material 127

21. Introduction to Packaging 130

22. Optimizing a Thermoforming Process for Packaging 131

23. Analysis of Thermoforming Films 143

24. Advanced Analysis of Thermoforming Films 150

25. Analysis of Thermoformed Products 157

26. Analysis of Completely Formed, Filled, and Sealed Containers 166

27. Automated Packaging 173

28. Production of Flowerpots 185

29. Perforated Fruit and Vegetable Trays Made Easy 203

30. Steel Rule Die Punching 207

31. Production of Meat Trays 210

32. Multilayer Films for Thermoforming Applications 218

33. PET in Thermoforming Applications 221

34. Thermoformed Packaging Made of PLA 237

35. Peel and Reseal 242

36. Foam Packaging with PP and PS 260

37. Blister Packaging of Syringes 267

38. The Production of Drinking Cups 274

39. Approaches for More Sustainable Rigid Packaging Through Thermoforming 297

40. Mold Making for Thermoforming in Packaging 301

41. Ultrasonic Sealing and Cutting in Thermoforming 308

42. Understanding the Brittle Behavior of Polystyrene Cups 314

43. Preprinted Film for Lid Thermoforming 329

44. Flexible Films 332

45. Simulation 337

46. Sustainability and Circular Economy 345

Glossary 395

Index 397