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The Cisco expert guide to planning, deploying, and operating virtual routing with the CSR 1000V Cloud Services Router
Virtual routing and the Cisco Cloud Services Router (CSR 1000V) are key enablers of today's revolutionary shift to elastic cloud applications and low-cost virtualized networking. Now, there's an authoritative, complete guide to building real solutions with the Cisco CSR 1000V platform.
Three leading experts cover every essential building block, present key use cases and configuration examples, illuminate design and deployment scenarios, and show how the CSR 1000V platform and APIs can enable state-of-the-art software-defined networks (SDN). Drawing on extensive early adopter experience, they illuminate crucial OS and hypervisor details, help you overcome migration challenges, and offer practical guidance for monitoring and operations.
This guide is an essential resource for all technical professionals planning or deploying data center and enterprise cloud services, and for all cloud network operators utilizing the Cisco CSR 1000V or future Cisco virtual routing platforms.
· Review the fundamentals of cloud virtualization, multitenant data-center design, and software-defined networking
· Understand the Cisco CSR 1000V's role, features, and infrastructure requirements
· Compare server hypervisor technologies for managing VM hardware with CSR 1000V deployments
· Understand CSR 1000V software architecture, control and data-plane design, licensing requirements, and packet flow
· Walk through common virtual router scenarios and configurations, including multiple cloud and data center examples
· Integrate CSR 1000V into the OpenStack SDN framework, and use its APIs to solve specific problems
· Master a best-practice workflow for deploying the CSR 1000V
· Use the Cisco management tools to automate, orchestrate, and troubleshoot virtualized routing
Category: Networking/Cloud Computing
Covers: Cloud Services Router
This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers
Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016, is an advanced services principal architect for Cisco Systems. His primary responsibility in the past 17 years has been in supporting major Cisco customers in the enterprise sector, including financial, retail, manufacturing, e-commerce, state government, utility (smart grid networks), and health-care sectors. Some of his focuses have been on security, multicast, network virtualization, and data center, and he has authored several white papers and design guides on various technologies. He has also been involved in data center design for more than 10 years and has designed many enterprise private cloud data center environments.
Arvind maintains two CCIE certifications: Routing and Switching, and Security. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electronics and Communication, a Master's degree in Electrical Engineering (MS), and a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA). He is a coauthor of two Cisco press books, Cisco Secure Firewall Services Moduleand TcL Scripting for Cisco IOS.
He has coauthored IEEE WAN smart grid architecture and has been a panel member for IEEE publications. Arvind also has presented in many industry forums, such as IEEE and Cisco LIVE.
Stephen Lynn, CCIE No. 5507 (Routing & Switching/WAN/Security) and CCDE No. 20130056, is an architect at Cisco Systems in the U.S. federal area. He has been with Cisco for more than 16 years and is a subject matter expert on enterprise network architecture. His focus is on large-scale network designs, including campus, WAN, and data center. As a recognized expert within Cisco and in the industry, Stephen has been working on large-scale, complex wide-area network designs in an enterprise environment. Stephen's focus has been on architectural designs involving 1,000 nodes to more than 10,000 nodes, leveraging technologies such as DMVPN, GET VPN, and FlexVPN to provide transport encryption and network segmentation over IP transport such as MPLS/Ethernet. Other areas of focus include high availability and convergence, QoS, Performance Routing (PfR), and network virtualization.
Stephen is a well-known speaker who has presented at several conferences and seminars worldwide. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Virginia. Stephen is based out of the Cisco office in Washington, DC.
Amit Srivastava is a senior manager with Equinix, Inc. At Equinix his team is responsible for global network and product fulfillment for Equinix's Cloud Exchange platform. Amit formerly worked as a technical leader with Cisco Systems, Inc. He has developed, tested, and enhanced network software for nearly 14 years. Before joining Cisco, he held positions in software application development, management, and testing.
Amit was involved in developing embedded applications for mobile devices in his engagement with Hughes Networks prior to joining Cisco.
Amit has been involved in the development cycles of new operating systems such as IOS XR and IOS XE and delivering features such as MPLS-based Layer 2 and 3 VPNs and traffic engineering. With IOS XE, Amit has worked with platforms such as ASR 1000 and CSR 1000V right from their inception, delivering enterprise-level features like IPsec, NAT, firewalls, NetFlow, AVC, and QoS. Amit holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering.
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Cloud 1
Evolution of the Data Center 1
Data Center Architecture Building Blocks 2
Introduction to Virtualization in the Data Center 4
Evolution of Virtualization 5
Conceptual Architecture of Virtualization 5
Types of Virtualization Technologies 6
Server Virtualization 6
Types of Server Virtualization 8
Storage Virtualization 9
Types of Storage Virtualization 11
Network Virtualization 12
Network Virtualization Evolution 13
Types of Network Virtualization 14
Service Virtualization 15
Introduction to the Multitenant Data Center 16
Introduction to Cloud Services 18
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 18
Platform as a Service (PaaS) 19
Software as a Service (SaaS) 20
Cloud Deployment Models 20
Cloud Design Considerations 21
Domain 1: Infrastructure and Environmental 22
Domain 2: Abstraction and Virtualization 23
Domain 3: Automation and Orchestration 23
Domain 4: Customer Interface 24
Domains 5 and 6: Service Catalog and Financials 24
Domains 7 and 8: Platform and Application 24
Domain 9: Security and Compliance 24
Domain 10: Organization, Governance, and Process 25
Enterprise Connectivity to the Cloud 26
Internet for Transport 26
Direct Connectivity to a Cloud Provider 28
Enterprise Cloud Adoption Challenges 29
Software-Defined Networking 30
Open Networking Foundation 31
OpenDaylight Project 32
Network Function Virtualization 33
OpenStack 34
Summary 35
Chapter 2 Software Evolution of the CSR 1000 37
IOS Software Architecture 37
IOS XE Architecture 39
The IOS XE Kernel 40
The IOS Daemon 40
The Forwarding Manager 41
The Interface Manager 41
The Platform Manager 41
Cisco ASR 1000 System Architecture Overview 41
Route Processor 42
Embedded Service Processor 42
SPA Interface Processor 43
Cloud Service Router 1000V Overview 44
Deployment Requirements 45
Elastic Performance and Scaling 47
Rapid Deployment and Routing Flexibility in the Cloud 49
CSR 1000V Deployment Examples 50
Secure Cloud VPN Gateway 50
Network Extension from Premises to Cloud 51
Segmentation Within a Cloud 52
CSR 1000V Key Features 52
Summary 57
Chapter 3 Hypervisor Considerations for the CSR 59
Understanding Operating Systems 59
Operating System Design 60
Physical Resource Management 60
Software Access to Physical Resources 62
Kernels 63
Microkernels 63
Hybrid Kernels 64
The Cisco IOS Kernel 64
The Boot Process 66
Linux Memory Management 69
Linux Swap Space and Memory Overcommit 69
Linux Caching 71
Understanding Hypervisors 71
How Does a Hypervisor Compare to an Operating System? 72
Type 1 Hypervisor Design 74
Monolithic Architecture 74
Microkernel Architecture 74
Core Partitioning 75
ESXi Hypervisor 75
Architectural Components of ESXi 75
The VMkernel 75
Components of the VMkernel 76
Processes Running on the VMkernel 77
Device Drivers 78
File Systems 79
Management 80
KVM 82
Architectural Components of KVM/QEMU 84
Guest Emulator (QEMU) 85
Management Daemon (Libvirt) 88
User Tools (virsh, virt-manager) 89
Hyper-V 91
Xen 92
Summary 94
Chapter 4 CSR 1000V Software Architecture 95
System Design 95
Virtualizing the ASR 1001 into the CSR 1000V 98
CSR 1000V Initialization Process 99
CSR 1000V Data Plane Architecture 100
CSR 1000V Software Crypto Engine 103
Life of a Packet on a CSR 1000V: The Data Plane 103
Netmap I/O 104
Packet Flow 106
Device Initialization Flow 106
TX Flow 107
RX Flow 108
Unicast Traffic Packet Flow 109
Installing the CSR 1000V on a VMware Hypervisor 110
Bringing Up the VM with the CSR 1000V on ESXi 110
Installing the CSR 1000V on a KVM Hypervisor 126
Bring Up the CSR 1000V as a Guest 126
Performance Tuning of the CSR 1000V 137
Summary 139
Chapter 5 CSR 1000V Deployment Scenarios 141
VPN Services 141
Layer 2 VPNs 141
Layer 3 VPNs 142
Site-to-Site VPNs 143
Remote Access VPNs 147
Use Cases for the CSR 1000V as a VPN Service Gateway 148
Enterprise Data Center Network Extension 148
The CSR 1000V as a VPN Gateway 148
CSR for Secure Inter-Cloud Connectivity 152
Remote VPN Access into the Cloud 153
BGP Route Reflector Use Case for the CSR 155
The CSR 1000V in a Hierarchical Route Reflector Use Case 157
Planning for Future Branch Design with the CSR 1000V 162
Evolution of Branch Virtualization 164
LISP and CSR 168
LISP Terminology 169
The LISP Data Plane 171
The LISP Control Plane 171
Typical LISP Use Cases 175
IP Mobility 175
IPv6 Migration 175
Network-to-Network Connectivity 175
Network-to-Network Interconnection Topology and Configuration 176
Summary 183
Chapter 6 CSR Cloud Deployment Scenarios 185
CSR in a Multitenant Data Center 185
Cloudburst 190
Direct Access Model 191
Redirection Access Model 192
The Cisco Inter-Cloud Fabric 194
Private Cloud Deployment with CSR in OpenStack 195
Introduction to OpenStack 196
Primary Use Case for OpenStack 196
OpenStack Components 197
CSR Within OpenStack 206
CSR 1000V as a Neutron Router 206
CSR 1000V as a Tenant Router 209
CSR 1000V in a Public Cloud 211
Amazon Web Services Deployment for the CSR 211
Amazon Web Service Solutions 211
Routing in AWS Clouds 212
CSR 1000V Deployment in AWS 216
Instantiate a CSR in AWS 217
Summary 222
Chapter 7 CSR in the SDN Framework 223
Deploying OpenStack 225
CSR as an OpenStack Tenant Deployment 235
Instantiate CSR Plugin to OpenStack 242
Summary 245
Chapter 8 CSR 1000V Automation, Orchestration, and Troubleshooting 247
Automation 248
BDEO 248
NSO (Tail-f) 249
NSO Example for NFV Orchestration with OpenStack (Service Chain) 252
Orchestration 267
Virtual Managed Services (VMS) 267
Cisco Prime Network Services Controller (PNSC) 269
CSR 1000V Troubleshooting 271
Architecture Overview 271
I/O Configuration 272
vSwitch 272
PCI Passthrough 274
SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) 274
Host Configurations 275
Debugging Packet Loss 276
High-Level Packet Flow 276
ESXi Packet Debugging 289
Summary 292
Appendix A Sample Answer File for Packstack 293
9781587144943 TOC 4/8/2016
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