The Cell Types and the Matrix.- Hepatocytes.- Signaling Pathways in Biliary Epithelial Cells.- Stellate Cells.- Signaling Pathways in Liver Diseases Kupffer Cells.- Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells.- Extracellular Matrix.- Platelets: A New Cell Type in Liver Physiology.- Immune Cell Communication and Signaling Systems in Liver Disease.- The Pathways.- Toll-Like Receptors.- TNF/TNF Receptors.- Fas/FasL.- Interferon Signaling.- NF-?B.- JNKs in liver diseases.- Insulin Pathway.- Role of PKB/Akt in Liver Diseases.- Targeting mTOR Signaling Pathways in Liver Disease.- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Liver.- ER Stress Signaling in Hepatic Injury.- PPAR?, A Key Regulator of Hepatic Energy Homeostasis in Health and Disease.- Bile Acids and Their Receptors.- Signaling Pathways in Liver Diseases: PXR and CAR.- p53.- The MYC Network and Cancer.- The WNT/?-Catenin Pathway.- Sonic Hedgehog Pathway.- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Signaling System.- VEGF Signaling.- Apoptosis and Mitochondria.- Calcium Signaling.- HBV Signaling.- Hepatitis C Virus and Insulin Signaling.- MicroRNAs.- Hepatic Clocks.