Canine Lameness

Name: Canine Lameness
Brand: Wiley-Scrivener
Price: 110.99 EUR
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Felix Duerr(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-Scrivener (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 31. Dezember 2019

448 Seiten

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978-1-119-47403-6 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor Biography
About the Companion Website
Section 1 Lameness Diagnosis
Part I Lameness Evaluation
Chapter 1 Subjective Gait Evaluation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Observation at Rest
1.3 Observation in Motion
1.3.1 Presentation
1.3.2 Gait Patterns
1.3.3 Head Nod and Pelvic Tilt
1.3.4 Lameness Characteristics
1.3.5 Lameness Grading
References
Chapter 2 Objective Gait Analysis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Kinetic Analysis
2.2.1 Force Plate Systems: The Basics
2.2.2 Force Plate Systems: Kinetic Measurements
2.2.3 Force Plate Systems: Clinically Reported Values
2.2.4 Pressure-sensitive Walkway Systems: The Basics
2.2.5 Pressure-sensitive Walkway Systems: Clinically Reported Values
2.2.6 Static or Standing Kinetic Analysis
2.3 Kinematic Analysis
2.3.1 Description and Measurement of Joint Motion
2.3.2 Kinematic Systems
2.3.3 Kinematic Models
2.3.4 Other Methods of Kinematic Analysis
2.3.5 Kinematic Variables
2.4 Making the Best of Your Gait Data Collection
2.4.1 Habituation
2.4.2 Animal Handlers
2.4.3 Velocity and Acceleration
2.4.4 Marker Application
2.4.5 Comparing Averages
2.5 Evaluating Gait Data
2.5.1 Normalization to Body Weight
2.5.2 Percent Change
2.5.3 Gait Symmetry
References
Chapter 3 The Orthopedic Examination
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Orthopedic Examination
3.2.1 History and Signalment
3.2.2 Visual Exam
3.2.3 Palpation
3.2.3.1 Pelvic Limb Palpation
3.2.3.2 Thoracic Limb Palpation
3.2.3.3 Other Techniques for Lameness Detection
References
Chapter 4 The Neurologic Examination
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Neuroanatomy Related to Limb Function
4.2.1 Anatomical Components of the Nervous System
4.2.2 Functional Components of the Nervous System
4.2.2.1 Motor Systems
4.2.2.2 Sensory System
4.3 The Neurologic Examination
4.3.1 Mentation Status (Awareness) and Behavior
4.3.2 Posture
4.3.3 Gait
4.3.4 Cranial Nerves
4.3.5 Postural Reactions
4.3.5.1 Proprioceptive Positioning and Placing Reaction
4.3.5.2 Hopping Reaction
4.3.6 Muscle Mass and Tone
4.3.7 Spinal Reflexes
4.3.7.1 Myotatic (Stretch) Reflexes
4.3.7.2 Flexor (Pedal and Withdrawal) Reflexes
4.3.7.3 Perineal Reflex
4.3.7.4 Cutaneous Trunci ("Panniculus") Reflex
4.3.8 Sensory Testing and Palpation
4.3.8.1 Nociception
4.3.8.2 Spinal and Limb Palpation
4.3.8.3 Cutaneous Sensory Testing
4.4 Diagnostic Tests
4.4.1 Survey Radiographs
4.4.2 Myelography
4.4.3 Computed Tomography
4.4.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.4.5 Electrodiagnostic Examination
4.4.6 Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
References
Chapter 5 The Rehabilitation Examination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Passive Range of Motion
5.2.1 How to Perform Passive Range of Motion Testing
5.2.2 How to Interpret Passive Range of Motion Testing
5.3 Joint Play
5.3.1 How to Perform Joint Play Testing
5.3.2 How to Interpret Joint Play Testing
5.4 Flexibility Testing
5.4.1 How to Perform Flexibility Testing
5.4.2 How to Interpret Flexibility Testing
5.5 Strength Testing
5.5.1 How to Perform Strength Testing
5.5.2 How to Interpret Strength Testing
References
Chapter 6 The Myofascial Examination
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Characteristics of Myofascial Trigger Points
6.3 Etiology and Pathophysiology of Myofascial Trigger Points
6.4 The Myofascial Examination
6.5 Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patterns Associated with Lameness
6.6 Clinical Significance
References
Part II Diagnostic Techniques
Chapter 7 Arthrocentesis Technique
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Risks and Contraindications
7.3 Restraint
7.4 Site Preparation
7.5 Equipment
7.6 Approaches
7.6.1 Carpus
7.6.2 Elbow
7.6.3 Shoulder
7.6.4 Tarsus
7.6.5 Stifle
7.6.6 Hip
References
Chapter 8 Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Patient Selection
8.3 Sedation Protocols
8.3.1 Sedation Protocol A: Sedation with an -Adrenergic Receptor Agonist
8.3.2 Sedation Protocol B: Sedation with a Neuroleptanalgesic and Opiate
8.4 Intra-articular Anesthetic Instillation
8.5 Lameness Evaluation and Interpreting the Effect of Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia
References
Chapter 9 Joint Fluid Analysis and Collection Considerations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sample Submission and Prioritization of Diagnostic Tests
9.3 Gross, Biochemical, and Cytologic Examination
9.3.1 Gross Appearance
9.3.2 Protein Concentration
9.3.3 Total Nucleated Cell Counts
9.3.4 Cytological Analysis
9.3.5 Mucin Clot Test
9.4 Canine Arthropathies
9.4.1 Suppurative Arthropathies
9.4.1.1 Immune-mediated
9.4.1.2 Infectious
9.4.2 Nonsuppurative Arthropathies
9.4.2.1 Mononuclear Inflammation
9.4.2.2 Hemarthrosis
9.4.3 Neoplasia
References
Chapter 10 Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Lameness Evaluation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Radiography
10.3 Ultrasonography
10.4 Computed Tomography
10.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10.6 Nuclear Medicine
References
Chapter 11 Diagnostic Approach to Neoplastic Conditions Causing Lameness
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Diagnostic Methods
11.2.1 Physical Examination
11.2.2 Fine-needle Aspirate and Biopsy
11.2.3 Diagnostic Imaging
11.2.4 Staging
11.3 Specific Tumors
11.3.1 Skin and Subcutaneous Neoplasia
11.3.2 Muscle Neoplasia
11.3.3 Bone Neoplasia
11.3.4 Joint Capsule Neoplasia
References
Section 2 Regional Diagnosis
Part III Distal Limb Lameness
Chapter 12 Distal Limb Region: Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Digits, Sesamoids, and Associated Structures
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Normal Anatomy
12.2.1 Thoracic Limb
12.2.2 Pelvic Limb
12.2.3 Function, Posture, and Carriage
12.3 Arthritis
12.4 Fractures of the Distal Limb Region
12.4.1 Metacarpal and Metatarsal Fractures
12.4.2 Digit Fractures and Luxations
12.4.3 Sesamoid Disease
12.5 Conditions of Muscles, Tendon, and Ligaments
12.5.1 Dorsal Digital Ligament Sprain
12.5.2 Digital Flexor Muscle and Tendon Injuries
12.5.2.1 Superficial Digital Flexor Muscle
12.5.2.2 Deep Digital Flexor Muscle
12.5.2.3 Flexor Tendon Strain: Bowed Tendon
12.6 Conditions of the Digital and Paw Pads
12.6.1 Trauma
12.6.2 Corns
12.6.3 Abnormal Wear and Migration
12.6.4 Dermatologic Conditions Causing Lameness
12.6.4.1 Pemphigus Foliaceus
12.6.4.2 Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis
12.6.4.3 Paw Pad Hyperkeratosis
12.6.4.4 Zinc-responsive Dermatoses
12.7 Conditions of the Digit/Paw Skin
12.7.1 Interdigital Web Injuries
12.7.2 Pododermatitis
12.7.3 Acral Lick Dermatitis
12.8 Conditions of the Claws
12.8.1 Trauma
12.8.2 Paronychia
12.8.3 Deformed Claws
12.8.4 Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy
12.9 Other Conditions Affecting the Distal Limb Region
12.9.1 Neurological Conditions
12.9.2 Dysostoses
12.9.3 Hypertrophic Osteopathy
12.9.4 Metabolic Bone Diseases
12.9.5 Distal Limb Region Neoplasia
References
Part IV Thoracic Limb Lameness
Chapter 13 Carpal Region
13.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
13.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis
13.2.1 Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis
13.3 Fractures of the Carpal Region
13.3.1 Signalment and History
13.3.2 Physical Examination
13.3.3 Diagnostics
13.4 Carpal Hyperextension and Other Carpal Ligamentous Injuries
13.4.1 Signalment and History
13.4.2 Physical Examination
13.4.3 Diagnostics
13.4.4 Other Carpal Ligamentous Injuries
13.5 Deformities of the Carpal Region
13.5.1 Signalment and History
13.5.2 Physical Examination
13.5.3 Diagnostics
13.6 Tendinous and Muscular Lesions of the Carpal Region
13.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Carpal Region
13.7.1 Lack or Loss of Carpal Extension
13.7.2 Lack or Loss of Carpal Flexion
13.7.3 Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
13.7.4 Shearing Injuries
13.7.5 Carpal Region Neoplasia
13.7.6 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 14 Elbow Region
14.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
14.2 Normal Anatomy and Arthritis
14.3 Fractures of the Elbow Region
14.3.1 Signalment and History
14.3.2 Physical Exam
14.3.3 Diagnostics
14.4 Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle
14.4.1 Signalment and History
14.4.2 Physical Exam
14.4.3 Diagnostics
14.5 Elbow Dysplasia/Incongruity
14.6 Medial Compartment Disease
14.6.1 Signalment and History
14.6.2 Physical Exam
14.6.3 Diagnostics
14.7 Traumatic Fracture of the Medial Coronoid Process
14.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans
14.9 Ununited Anconeal Process
14.9.1 Signalment and History
14.9.2 Physical Exam
14.9.3 Diagnostics
14.10 Elbow Luxation
14.10.1 Signalment and History
14.10.2 Physical Exam
14.10.3 Diagnostics
14.11 Panosteitis
14.11.1 Signalment and History
14.11.2 Physical Exam
14.11.3 Diagnostics
14.12 Septic Arthritis
14.12.1 Signalment and History
14.12.2 Physical Exam
14.12.3 Diagnostics
14.13 Flexor Enthesopathy
14.13.1 Signalment and History
14.13.2 Physical Exam
14.13.3 Diagnostics
14.14 Other Diseases Affecting the Elbow Region
14.14.1 Calcinosis Circumscripta
14.14.2 Radioulnar Ischemic Necrosis
14.14.3 Triceps Tendon Disruption
14.14.4 Elbow Region Neoplasia
14.14.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 15 Shoulder Region
15.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
15.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis
15.3 Fractures of the Shoulder Region
15.4 Medial Shoulder Instability
15.4.1 Signalment and History
15.4.2 Physical Exam
15.4.3 Diagnostics
15.5 Traumatic Shoulder Luxation
15.5.1 Signalment and History
15.5.2 Physical Exam
15.5.3 Diagnostics
15.6 Biceps Brachii Tendinopathy
15.6.1 Signalment and History
15.6.2 Physical Exam
15.6.3 Diagnostics
15.7 Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
15.7.1 Signalment and History
15.7.2 Physical Exam
15.7.3 Diagnostics
15.8 Infraspinatus Disease
15.8.1 Signalment and History
15.8.2 Physical Exam
15.8.3 Diagnostics
15.9 Osteochondrosis Dissecans
15.9.1 Signalment and History
15.9.2 Physical Exam
15.9.3 Diagnostics
15.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Shoulder Region
15.10.1 Caudal Glenoid Fragments
15.10.2 Glenoid Dysplasia
15.10.3 Adhesive Capsulitis
15.10.4 Shoulder Region Neoplasia
15.10.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 16 Neurological Disease of the Thoracic Limb
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Relevant Anatomy
16.3 Neurological Diseases Affecting the Thoracic Limb
16.3.1 Myelopathies and Radiculopathies
16.3.1.1 Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Disease and Herniation
16.3.1.2 Acute Non-Compressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion
16.3.1.3 Fibrocartilaginous Embolism
16.3.1.4 Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
16.3.1.5 Other Causes of Cervical Myelopathies and Radiculopathies
16.3.2 Neuropathies (Nerves and Brachial Plexus)
16.3.2.1 Neoplasia
16.3.2.2 Traumatic Neuropathies
16.3.2.3 Neuritis
16.3.3 Myopathies and Junctionopathies
16.3.4 Other Spinal Diseases Affecting the Thoracic Limb
References
Chapter 17 Neoplastic Conditions of the Thoracic Limb
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions
17.2.1 Distal Limb Region
17.2.2 Carpal Region
17.2.3 Elbow Region
17.2.4 Shoulder Region
17.2.5 Nervous System
17.2.5.1 Spinal Cord Tumors
17.2.5.2 Peripheral Nerve Tumors
References
Part V Pelvic Limb Lameness
Chapter 18 Tarsal Region
18.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
18.2 Normal Anatomy
18.3 Fractures of the Tarsal Region
18.3.1 Signalment and History
18.3.2 Physical Exam
18.3.3 Diagnostics
18.4 Tarsal Joint Luxations
18.4.1 Signalment and History
18.4.2 Physical Exam
18.4.3 Diagnostics
18.5 Pathology of the Common Calcanean Tendon
18.5.1 Traumatic Rupture
18.5.2 Chronic Gastrocnemius Tendinopathy
18.5.3 Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon
18.6 Osteochondrosis Dissecans
18.6.1 Signalment and History
18.6.2 Physical Exam
18.6.3 Diagnostics
18.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Tarsal Region
18.7.1 Tarsal Deformities
18.7.2 Idiopathic Tarsal Hyperflexion
18.7.3 Idiopathic Tarsal Hyperextension
18.7.4 Osteochondrosis Fragment Migration into the DDF Tendon Sheath
18.7.5 Tarsal Region Neoplasia
18.7.6 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 19 Stifle Region
19.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
19.2 Normal Anatomy
19.2.1 The Stifle Joint
19.2.2 Muscles of the Stifle Joint
19.3 Fractures of the Stifle Region
19.3.1 Patellar Fractures
19.3.2 Salter-Harris Fractures
19.4 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
19.4.1 Signalment and History
19.4.2 Physical Exam
19.4.2.1 Postural and Gait Changes
19.4.2.2 Palpation
19.4.3 Diagnostics
19.5 Patellar Luxation
19.5.1 Signalment and History
19.5.2 Physical Exam
19.5.3 Diagnostics
19.6 Stifle Luxation
19.6.1 Signalment and History
19.6.2 Physical Exam
19.6.3 Diagnostics
19.7 Isolated Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture
19.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans
19.9 Patellar Ligament Pathology
19.9.1 Nontraumatic Patellar (Ligament) Desmopathy
19.9.2 Patellar Ligament Laceration/Rupture
19.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Stifle Region
19.10.1 Angular Limb Deformity
19.10.2 Gastrocnemius Injury
19.10.3 Long Digital Extensor Tendon Injury
19.10.4 Stifle Region Neoplasia
19.10.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 20 Hip Region
20.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses
20.2 Normal Anatomy
20.3 Fractures of the Hip Region
20.3.1 SI Joint Luxation and Sacral fractures
20.3.2 Fractures of the Ilium
20.3.3 Fractures of the Coxofemoral Joint
20.3.3.1 Fractures of the Acetabulum
20.3.3.2 Slipped Capital Femoral Physis and Femoral Neck Fractures
20.4 Coxofemoral Luxation
20.4.1 Signalment and History
20.4.2 Physical Exam
20.4.3 Diagnostics
20.5 Hip Dysplasia
20.5.1 Signalment and History
20.5.2 Physical Exam
20.5.3 Diagnostics
20.6 Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
20.6.1 Signalment and History
20.6.2 Physical Exam
20.6.3 Diagnostics
20.7 Muscle Contractures
20.7.1 Gracilis Contracture
20.7.1.1 Signalment and History
20.7.1.2 Physical Exam
20.7.1.3 Diagnostics
20.7.2 Quadriceps Contracture
20.7.2.1 Signalment and History
20.7.2.2 Physical Exam
20.7.2.3 Diagnostics
20.8 Iliopsoas Tendinopathy
20.8.1 Signalment and History
20.8.2 Physical Exam
20.8.3 Diagnostics
20.9 Other Diseases Affecting the Hip Region
20.9.1 Sacroiliac Joint
20.9.2 Septic Arthritis
20.9.3 Muscle Strains and Tears
20.9.4 Hip Region Neoplasia
20.9.5 Miscellaneous Other Conditions
References
Chapter 21 Neurological Disease of the Pelvic Limb
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Relevant Anatomy
21.3 Neurological Diseases Affecting the Pelvic Limb
21.3.1 Myelopathies and Radiculopathies
21.3.1.1 Neoplasia
21.3.1.2 Spinal Cord Injury
21.3.1.3 Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis and Foraminal Stenosis
21.3.1.4 Discospondylitis
21.3.2 Neuropathies (Nerves and Lumbosacral Plexus)
21.3.2.1 Sciatic Nerve Injury
21.3.2.2 Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve Injury
21.3.2.3 Tibial Nerve Injury
21.3.2.4 Femoral Nerve Injury
21.3.3 Myopathies and Junctionopathies
21.3.4 Other Neurologic and Spinal Diseases Affecting the Pelvic Limb
References
Chapter 22 Neoplastic Conditions of the Pelvic Limb
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions
22.2.1 Distal Limb Region
22.2.2 Tarsal Region
22.2.3 Stifle Region
22.2.4 Hip Region
22.2.5 Nervous System
References
Glossary
List of Abbreviations
Index
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