Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Contributor contact details Preface Part I: Coating types and applications Chapter 1: Hydrophilic coatings for biomedical applications in and ex vivo Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Examples of hydrophilic coatings 1.3 Applications for hydrophilic coatings in the clinical environment (ex vivo) 1.4 Applications for hydrophilic coatings in the clinical environment (in vivo) 1.5 Conclusions and future trends 1.6 Sources of further information 1.8 Appendix: list of suppliers of hydrophilic coatings for biomedical devices Chapter 2: Mineral coatings for orthopaedic applications Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Important characteristics of mineral coatings 2.3 Coating methods 2.4 Clinical studies 2.5 Future trends 2.6 Sources of further information Chapter 3: Other commonly used biomedical coatings: pyrolytic carbon coatings Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Carbon solid materials 3.3 Carbon film coatings 3.4 Pyrolytic carbon coatings 3.5 Conclusion Chapter 4: Electrochemical surface modifications of titanium and titanium alloys for biomedical applications Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electrochemical treatments 4.3 Future trends in chemical and electrochemical treatments 4.4 Conclusions 4.5 Acknowledgements 4.7 Appendix: list of abbreviations Chapter 5: Surface preparation techniques for biomedical applications Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Sonication 5.3 Mechanical polishing 5.4 Electropolishing 5.5 Chemical etching 5.6 Plasma treatment 5.7 Priming 5.8 Future trends 5.9 Sources of further information Chapter 6: Characterisation of biomedical coatings Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Surfaces, concepts and techniques 6.3 Contact angle 6.4 Analysis of adhesion 6.5 Scanning probe microscopy 6.6 Confocal microscopy 6.7 Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy 6.8 Spectroscopic methods 6.9 Optical detection methods 6.10 Neutron reflectivity 6.11 Other techniques 6.12 Future trends 6.13 Sources of further information Part II: Case studies Chapter 7: Coatings for cardiovascular devices: coronary stents Abstract: 7.1 Introduction: heart disease its treatments 7.2 Artery structure and mechanism of restenosis 7.3 Commercial drug-eluting stent (DES) systems 7.4 Increased use of DES and concerns surrounding stent thrombosis 7.5 Second generation DES systems 7.6 Other approaches and future trends 7.7 Conclusions Chapter 8: Coatings for cardiovascular devices: extracorporeal circuits Abstract: 8.1 Background of coatings for extracorporeal circulation 8.2 Coatings for left-heart bypass 8.3 Coatings for cardiopulmonary bypass 8.4 Coatings for mechanical circulatory support 8.5 Coatings for other devices in cardiothoracic surgery 8.6 Conclusions Chapter 9: Surface coatings for ventricular assist devices Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ventricular assist devices (VADs) 9.3 Hemocompatible surface coatings for VADs 9.4 Future trends 9.5 Conclusions Chapter 10: Orthopaedic coatings Abstract: 10.1 History of joint replacement 10.2 Development of joint replacement prostheses 10.3 Development of cementless fixation 10.4 Thermal spray coating techniques 10.5 Coating characteristics 10.6 Alternative coating methods 10.7 Clinical experience 10.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 11: Surface coatings in urology Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Indwelling bladder catheters 11.3 Biofilm formation on implanted urological devices 11.4 Challenges in controlling catheter-associated urinary tract infection 11.5 Developments in antimicrobial catheters 11.6 The catheter encrustation problem 11.7 Ureteric stents 11.8 Conclusions Chapter 12: Ophthalmic coatings Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Contact lenses 12.3 Artificial cornea 12.4 Intraocular lenses 12.5 Other ophthalmic devices 12.6 Conclusions Index