Routing TCP/IP, Volume I

Part I Routing Basics

Chapter 1 TCP/IP Review

TCP/IP Protocol Layers

IP Packet Header

IPv4 Addresses

First Octet Rule

Address Masks

Subnets and Subnet Masks

Designing Subnets

Breaking the Octet Boundary

Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Proxy ARP

Gratuitous ARP

Reverse ARP

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Host-to-Host Layer

TCP

UDP

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 1 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 2 IPv6 Overview

IPv6 Addresses

Address Representation

IPv6 Address Types

Global Unicast Addresses

Identifying IPv6 Address Types

Local Unicast Addresses

Anycast Addresses

Multicast Addresses

Embedded IPv4 Addresses

IPv6 Packet Header Format

Extension Headers

ICMPv6

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

NDP Messages

Router Discovery

Address Autoconfiguration

Duplicate Address Detection

Neighbor Address Resolution

Privacy Addresses

Neighbor Unreachability Detection

Looking Ahead

Review Questions



Chapter 3 Static Routing

Route Table

Configuring Static Routes

Case Study: Simple IPv4 Static Routes

Case Study: Simple IPv6 Static Routes

Case Study: Summary Routes

Case Study: Alternative Routes

Case Study: Floating Static Routes

Case Study: IPv6 Floating Static Routes

Case Study: Load Sharing

Load Sharing and Cisco Express Forwarding

Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching

Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching

Which Switching Method Will Be Used?

Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups

Troubleshooting Static Routes

Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route

Case Study: A Protocol Conflict

Case Study: A Replaced Router

Case Study: Tracing An IPv6 Failed Route

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols

Routing Protocol Basics

Path Determination

Metrics

Hop Count

Bandwidth

Load

Delay

Reliability

Cost

Convergence

Load Balancing

Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Common Characteristics

Periodic Updates

Neighbors

Broadcast Updates

Full Routing Table Updates

Routing by Rumor

Route Invalidation Timers

Split Horizon

Counting to Infinity

Triggered Updates

Holddown Timers

Asynchronous Updates

Link State Routing Protocols

Neighbors

Link State Flooding

Sequence Numbers

Aging

Link State Database

SPF Algorithm

Areas

Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols

Static or Dynamic Routing?

Looking Ahead

Recommended Reading

Review Questions



Part II Interior Routing Protocols

Chapter 5 Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Operation of RIP

RIP Timers and Stability Features

RIP Message Format

Request Message Types

Classful Routing

Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets

Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers

Classful Routing: Summary

Configuring RIP

Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration

Case Study: Passive Interfaces

Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates

Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets

Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics

Case Study: Minimizing the Impact of Updates

Troubleshooting RIP

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 6 RIPv2, RIPng, and Classless Routing

Operation of RIPv2

RIPv2 Message Format

Compatibility with RIPv1

Classless Route Lookups

Classless Routing Protocols

Variable-Length Subnet Masking

Authentication

Operation of RIPng

Configuring RIPv2

Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration

Case Study: Compatibility with RIPv1

Case Study: Using VLSM

Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless Routing

Case Study: Authentication

Configuring RIPng

Case Study: Basic RIPng Configuration

Case Study: RIPng Process Customization

Case Study: Metric Manipulation

Case Study: Route Summarization

Troubleshooting RIPv2 and RIPng

Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 7 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

The Roots of EIGRP: An Overview of IGRP

Process Domains

IGRP Timers and Stability Features

IGRP Metrics

From IGRP to EIGRP

Operation of EIGRP

Protocol-Dependent Modules

Reliable Transport Protocol

Neighbor Discovery/Recovery

Diffusing Update Algorithm

DUAL: Preliminary Concepts

DUAL Finite State Machine

Diffusing Computation: Example 1

Diffusing Computation: Example 2

EIGRP Packet Formats

EIGRP Packet Header

General TLV Fields

IP-Specific TLV Fields

Address Aggregation

EIGRP and IPv6

Configuring EIGRP

Case Study: A Basic EIGRP Configuration

Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths

Case Study: Multiple EIGRP Processes

Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization

Case Study: Stub Routing

Case Study: Address Summarization

Authentication

Troubleshooting EIGRP

Case Study: A Missing Neighbor

Stuck-in-Active Neighbors

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 8 OSPFv2

Operation of OSPF

Neighbors and Adjacencies

Hello Protocol

Network Types

Designated Routers and Backup Designated Routers

OSPF Interfaces

OSPF Neighbors

Flooding

Areas

Router Types

Partitioned Areas

Virtual Links

Link-State Database

LSA Types

Stub Areas

Route Table

Destination Types

Path Types

Route Table Lookups

Authentication

OSPF over Demand Circuits

OSPF Packet Formats

Packet Header

Hello Packet

Database Description Packet

Link State Request Packet

Link State Update Packet

Link State Acknowledgment Packet

OSPF LSA Formats

LSA Header

Router LSA

Network LSA

Network and ASBR Summary LSAs

Autonomous System External LSA

NSSA External LSA

Options Field

Configuring OSPF

Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration

Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback Interfaces

Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups

Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses

Case Study: Stub Areas

Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas

Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas

Case Study: Address Summarization

Case Study: Filtering Between Areas

Case Study: Authentication

Case Study: Virtual Links

Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks

Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits

Troubleshooting OSPF

Case Study: An Isolated Area

Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 9 OSPFv3

Operation of OSPFv3

OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2

OSPFv3 Messages

An Overview of OSPFv3 LSAs

OSPFv3 LSA Formats

The Router LSA

Network LSA

Inter-Area Prefix LSA

Inter-Area Router LSA

AS-External LSA

Link LSA 489
Intra-Area Prefix LSA

Options Field

Configuring OSPFv3

Case Study: A Basic OSPFv3 Configuration

Case Study: Stub Areas

Case Study: Multiple Instances on a Link

Case Study: OSPFv3 on NBMA Networks

Troubleshooting OSPFv3

Case Study: Frame-Relay Mapping

Looking Ahead 509
Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review

Recommended Reading

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises



Chapter 10 Integrated IS-IS

Operation of Integrated IS-IS

IS-IS Areas

Network Entity Titles

IS-IS Functional Organization

Subnetwork Dependent Functions

Subnetwork Independent Functions

IS-IS PDU Formats

TLV Fields

IS-IS Hello PDU Format

IS-IS Link State PDU Format

IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format

Extensions to IS-IS

3-Way Handshaking

Domain-Wide Prefix Distribution

Wide Metrics

Routing IPv6 with IS-IS

Dynamic Hostname Exchange

Multiple Topologies

Mesh Groups

Flooding Delays

Improving SPF Efficiency

Configuring Integrated IS-IS

Case Study: A Basic IPv4 Integrated IS-IS Configuration

Case Study: Changing the Router Types

Case Study: An Area Migration

Case Study: Route Summarization

Case Study: Authentication

Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS Configuration for IPv6

Case Study: Transition to Multiple Topology Mode

Case Study: Route Leaking Between Levels

Case Study: Multiple L1 Areas Active on A Router

Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS

Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies

Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link-State Database

Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA Networks

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Part III Route Control and Interoperability

Chapter 11 Route Redistribution

Principles of Redistribution

Metrics

Administrative Distances

Redistributing from Classless to Classful Protocols

Configuring Redistribution

Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP

Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OSPF

Case Study: Redistribution and Route Summarization

Case Study: Redistributing OSPFv3 and RIPng

Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP/RIPng

Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 12 Default Routes and On-Demand Routing

Fundamentals of Default Routes 677
Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing

Configuring Default Routes and ODR

Case Study: Static Default Routes

Case Study: The Default-Network Command

Case Study: The Default-Information Originate Command

Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review

Review Questions



Chapter 13 Route Filtering

Configuring Route Filters

Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes

Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution

Case Study: A Protocol Migration

Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points

Case Study: Using Administrative Distances to Set Router Preferences

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercises



Chapter 14 Route Maps

Basic Uses of Route Maps

Configuring Route Maps

Case Study: Policy Routing

Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing

Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution

Case Study: Route Tagging

Case Study: Filtering Tagged Routes Out of OSPF Route Table

Case Study: IPv6 Redistribution with Route Maps

Looking Ahead

Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review

Review Questions

Configuration Exercises

Troubleshooting Exercise



Part IV Appendixes

Appendix A Tutorial : Working with Binary and Hex

Appendix B Tutorial : Access Lists

Appendix C CCIE Preparation Tips

Appendix D Answers to Review Questions

Appendix E Solutions to Configuration Exercises

Appendix F Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises



1587052024TC092705