The Written Questionnaire in Social Dialectology

Name: The Written Questionnaire in Social Dialectology | History, theory, practice
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Price: 130.99 EUR
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History, theory, practice

Stefan Dollinger(Autor*in)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 16. Dezember 2015

XXVII, 397 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
The Written Questionnaire in Social Dialectology
Editorial page
Title page
LCC data
Dedication page
Table of contents
List of common abbreviations
List of tables
List of figures
List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Author's preface
1. Written Questionnaires in the wider linguistic context
1.1 Three basic types of language data and WQs
1.2 Data in traditional dialect geography
1.2.1 The Fieldworker Interview (FI) method
1.2.2 Wenker's Written Questionnaire (WWQ) method
1.3 Today's Written Questionnaire (WQ) methods
1.4 The organization of this Book
Part I. History & theory
2. A history of written questionnaires in social dialectology
2.1 German-language pioneers
2.2 From Wenker's Deutscher Sprachatlas to Mitzka's Wortatlas
Advantages
2.3 Dutch and Flemish WQs
2.4 Early English language WQs in the US
2.4.1 A new beginning: Alva L. Davis' (1948) WQ Survey
2.4.2 Cassidy's and Allen's WQ studies
2.5 Scotland and The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland
2.6 WQs in Canada: A special case
2.6.1 Canadian beginnings
2.6.2 Survey of Canadian English (1972)
2.6.3 Other Canadian WQs
2.6.4 Dialect Topography of Canada (1991-2004)
2.6.5 North American Regional Vocabulary Survey
2.7 Other, more recent applications
2.8 Chapter conclusion
3. A comparison of data collection methodologies
3.1 Corpus linguistics and WQs: A methodological comparison
3.1.1 Limited linguistic contexts: Problem #1
3.1.2 Low-frequency items: Problem #2
3.1.3 (Positive) Evidence and negative evidence: Problem #3
3.1.4 Documentation of social backgrounds: Problem #4
3.1.5 Corpora and WQs: A comparison
Linguistic examples: Attested and reported
3.2 Comparison of elicitation techniques: WQ and FI
3.2.1 The Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest (1947-1953
1973-6)
3.2.2 Allen's WQ and FI data: Chambers' selection
3.2.3 Selecting the best test
Testing the data for equivalence
Allen's original assessment
3.3 Comparison of elicitation techniques: Sociolinguistic interview and WQ
3.3.1 The Observer's Paradox and WQs
3.3.2 McDavid's test
3.3.3 WQs and sociolinguistic interviews in Vancouver, Canada
Low-back vowels
Yod-dropping
3.4 Chapter conclusion
4. Types of traditional WQ variables
4.1 Lexis (vocabulary)
4.1.1 A Canadianism is dying out: chesterfield
The rise and fall of chesterfield
4.1.2 A Canadianism is staying put: The case of tap
4.1.3 A Canadianism is entering the scene: take up #9
Interpreting the data on take up #9
Tracing take up #9 in the Canadian Oxford
4.2 Morphology
Snuck as a global form?
4.3 Syntax and usage
4.3.1 Different from/than/to?
4.3.2 Between you and me or I?
The source of the confusion
4.3.3 Telling time: 11:40 or twenty-to-twelve?
4.4 Pronunciation: Phonemic variables
4.4.1 Yod-dropping
Yod-retention in avenue: An urban vs. rural split?
4.4.2 Variation in lexical item vase
4.5 Outlook
5. World Englishes, multilingualism and written questionnaires
5.1 Canadian English and the multilingual speaker
5.1.1 From monolingual to multilingual perspectives
5.1.2 From the national to the transnational: The sociolinguistics of globalization
A new kind of sociolinguistics?
Local literary practices and WQs
5.2 World Englishes, Global Englishes: Concepts
5.3 WQ Elicitation in World English contexts
5.3.1 Some problems of WQs in contact scenarios
5.3.2 Conceptualizing space in dialect geography
5.3.3 Select morphosyntactic features of World Englishes
5.4 English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)
5.4.1 Concepts
5.4.2 Polling language attitudes towards ELF
Group identity, mutual intelligibility and ELF
5.4.3 Linguistic error or innovation? The case for WQs
5.4.4 Discovering variables and variants
Lexical innovation
Pragmatic innovation: Idiomaticity in ELF
Some principles for variable detection
5.5 Addendum: Global Englishes and expert WQs
5.6 Chapter summary
6. WQ data and linguistic theory
6.1 Real time and Apparent time
6.1.1 Age-grading
6.2 The S-curve of linguistic change
6.2.1 The case of N/V+ing + N compounds
6.3 Change from below, change from above: Social class
6.4 Gender (sex)
6.4.1 Principle I: Stable situations: Women use the standard more than men
6.4.2 Principle 2: Women use more standard forms in changes from above
6.4.3 Principle 3: Women use more of the incoming variant in changes from below
6.4.4 Indexing social meaning: Gender
6.5 Border effects: Autonomy vs. heteronomy
6.5.1 Insights from Dialect Topography
A cross-border continuum: St. Stephen (New Brunswick) and Calais (Maine)
Political borders as linguistic divides: Shone in Ontario and New York
Heightened differences in immediate border regions
6.5.2 Insights from NARVS: The North American lexical perspective
6.6 Sociohistorical frameworks and explanations
6.6.1 Canada's five major immigration waves
6.6.2 Trudgill and Schneider: Two complementary approaches?
Trudgill's (2004) New-dialect Formation Theory
Schneider's (2007) Dynamic Model
6.7 Indexing social meaning
6.7.1 Three "waves" in sociolinguistics
6.7.2 Yod-dropping in CanE as an indexical field
6.8 Homogeneity and heterogeneity
6.8.1 Homogenization on the national level
Homogeneity & Standard Canadian English
6.8.2 Homogenization on the continental level
6.8.3 Heterogenization (diversification)
6.9 Chapter summary
Part II. Practice
7. Questionnaire design and data collection
7.1 Planning the questionnaire: Purpose & research question
7.2 Structure of the questionnaire
7.2.1 Questionnaire length
7.2.2 Choice of medium: Paper or online?
7.3 Question design
Self-reporting and community-reporting
7.3.1 Types of questions
Closed-response items
Checklists
Multiple-Choice items: Binary (nominal) & categorical
Rating scales
Multiple-items scales in social dialectology
Inter-related items
Open-response items
Mixed-response types
7.3.2 From raw questions to questionnaire items
7.3.3 Self-reporting linguistic behaviour
Inventories vs. social correlations
Socio-syntactic reformulations
Magnitude Estimation Tasks and grammaticality judgements
7.3.4 Self-reporting language attitudes and perceptions
Language attitudes
Perceptions
7.3.5 Community-reporting of linguistic behaviour
7.3.6 Mitigating prescriptive influence: Framing the questions
The role of instructions
Using informal language in the questionnaire
Reliability
Some tentative insights: How to ask and how better not
Defining evaluative categories
Harnessing a pedagogical phonetic alphabet for social dialectology?
Order of stimuli and trial items
Intuitive formatting & item ordering
7.3.7 Piloting and revising the questionnaire
7.3.8 Social background questions
7.4 Population sampling
7.4.1 Random or judgement sampling?
7.4.2 A combined sampling method
7.5 Chapter summary
8. Working with WQ data
8.1 The Dialect Topography portal
8.1.1 Dialect Topography questionnaire
8.1.2 "View Results": One variable in one location
8.1.3 View Results: Comparing two locations
8.1.4 Tutorials
8.2 Calculating social indices
8.2.1 The Regionality Index (RI)
Complex cases
Applying the RI
Adjusting the RI for multilingual respondents
8.2.2 Language Use Index (LUI)
8.2.3 Ethnic Orientation Index (EOI)
8.2.4 Occupational Mobility Index (OMI) and Social Class (SC)
8.3 Data readying in Excel
8.3.1 Importing DT data into Excel
PC Users
Text Import Wizard
Mac Users
8.3.2 Three basic Excel commands
Principles of Excel
COUNTIF and SUM
Exercises on the file "Golden Horseshoe (All) - q1-different"
Multiple conditions: COUNTIFS
Excel graphing tool
More exercises on the file "Golden Horseshoe (All) - q1-different"
COUNTIFS with indices: RI
Exercise with RIs
8.3.3 Beyond manual commands: Pivot tables
9. Statistical testing with R
Downloading and installing R
Descriptive & Analytical statistics
9.1 Why use statistical tools?
9.2 Preliminaries: Types of variables and forming a hypothesis
9.2.1 Types of variables in traditional WQs
9.2.2 Formulating a hypothesis
9.3 Univariate analytical statistics
9.3.1 One dependent variable
9.3.2 One dependent variable, one independent variable
9.3.3 Converting a categorical variable into an ordinal variable
9.4 Multivariate Analysis with R
9.4.1 Linear models: Hierarchical Configural Frequency Analysis
9.4.2 (Non-linear) logistic regression modelling
Importing "data frames" into R
The case for data import checking: Two errors
A first logistic regression with interactions
When you get a "Warning message"
Logistic regression modelling without interactions
9.5 Chapter summary
10. Epilogue
10.1 The revival of WQs in social dialectology
10.2 WQs and linguistic variables
10.3 Desiderata
10.3.1 Guidelines for WQ design in social dialectology
10.3.2 WQs, geographical space, and potential risks
10.3.3 WQs and WQ-internal checks and controls
10.4 WQs: The delayed method
References
Index

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