Evaluation and Optimization of Laboratory Methods and Analytical Procedures

Name: Evaluation and Optimization of Laboratory Methods and Analytical Procedures
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 54.95 EUR
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A. Dijkstra D. L. Massart L. Kaufman(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

Erschienen am 27. Mai 2014

659 Seiten

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Inhalt

Front Cover
Environmental Analysis: Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
PART 1: FIELD SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND SAMPLE PREPARATION
CHAPTER 1. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR AIR POLLUTANTS
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Sampling without suction, With deposition
1.3. Sampling with suction, without deposition
1.4. Sampling with suction, with deposition
1.5. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 2. SAMPLE HANDLING STRATEGIES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Sample handling of non-volatile organic compounds
2.3. Sample handiing of volatile organic compounds
2.4. Conclusion and further developments
References
CHAPTER 3. EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP AND RECOVERIES OF PERSISTENT TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS FROM SEDIMENT AND BIOTA SAMPLES
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Recovery
3.3. Pre-extraction treatment
3.4. Extraction
3.5. Comparative extraction studies
3.6. Clean-up
3.7. Automation
3.8. Multi-residue schemes
3.9. Direct methods
References
PART 2: APPLICATION AREAS
CHAPTER 4. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) INCLUDING PLANAR AND OTHER TOXIC METABOLITES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICES
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Sources of error
4.3 Compound selection
4.4. Detection
4.5 Interpretation
4.6 Chromatographic separation
4.7. Group separation
4.8. Clean-up
4.9. Extraction
4.10. Chlorobiphenyl metabolites
Acknowledgement
References
CHAPTER 5. OFFICIAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF PRIORITY PESTICIDES IN WATER USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
5.1. Priority lists of pesticides
5.2. General considerations about analytical methods
5.3. EPA methods of analysis
5.4. SCA methods of analysis
5.5. Other GC methods
5.6. Conclusions
Rrferences
CHAPTER 6. COUPLED-COLUMN REVERSED PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHYAS A VERSATILE TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR PESTICIDES
6.1. Introduction to pesticide residue analysis
6.2. Coupled chromatographic techniques
6.3. Column-switching rplc in pesticide residue analysis
6.5. Recent developments in coupled-column RPLC
6.6. Conclusion and trends
Acknowledgement
References
CHAPTER 7. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF PHENOLS AND SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES IN WATER SAMPLES
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Column liquid chromatographic separation
7.3. Sample handling techniques
7.4. Detection
7.5. Applications
7.6. Characterization of lignin and its breakdown products
Acknowledgements
Appendix: List of abbreviations
References
CHAPTER 8. HPLC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MYCOTOXINS AND PHYCOTOXINS
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Mycotoxins
8.3. Phycotoxins
References
CHAPTER 9. DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Radionuclides in the environment
9.3. Pathways and samples of interest
9.4. Collection and preparation of samples
9.5. Counting
9.6. Gamma spectrometry
9.7. Beta particle spectrometry
9.8. Alpha particle spectrometry
9.9. Liquid scintillation measurement method
9.10 Radiochemical Analyses
9.11. Rapid methods
9.12. Analytical quality control
9.13. Non-radiometric methods
9.14. Conclusions
References
PART 3: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND REFERENCE MATERIALS
CHAPTER 10. QUALITY ASSURANCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Environmental management and the need for information
10.3. Total quality management of environmental information
10.4. Quality systems for chemical analysis
10.5. A closer look into quality assurance in the laboratory
10.6. Inter-laboratory studies and their feedback
References
CHAPTER 11. CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF MEASUREMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
11.1. Particular aspects of environmental analysis
11.2. Reliability of data
11.3. The need for accuracy
11.4. How to achieve accuracy
11.5. Use of CRMs
11.6. Requirements for certified reference materials
11.7. CRMs for environmental monitoring
11.8. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 12. STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
12.1. Introduction
12.2. NIST SRMs for organic contaminants
12.3. Uses of environmental SRMs
Acknowledgement
References
PART 4: EMERGING TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 13. APPLICATION OF FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN THE DETERMINATION OF PAHS AND PAH METABOLITES
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Fluorescence spectroscopy
13.3. Applications
13.4. Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 14. CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACTANTS IN WATER BY DESORP'TION IONIZATION METHODS
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Characterization of surfactants
14.3. Environmental applications of desorption ionization methods
14.4. Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 15. LC-MS INTERFACING SYSTEMS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: APPLICATION TO POLAR PESTICIDES
15.1. Introduction
15.2. LC-MS interfaces
15.3. Applications
15.4. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Appendix: List of abbreviations
References
CHAPTER 16. HYPHENATED TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO THE SPECIATION OF ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Flow injection analysis
16.3. Volatilization reactions, cryogenic trapping, chromatographic separation and atomic spectrometry detection
16.4. Separation by gas chromatography
16.5. Separation by liquid chromatography
16.6. Conclusion
Appendix: List of abbreviations
References
CHAPTER 17. THE POTENTIAL OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
17.1. General introduction
17.2. CE techniques
17.3. Instrumentation for capillary electrophoresis
17.4. Trace enrichment in capillary electrophoresis
17.5. Environmental applications
17.6. Conclusion and future developments
References
Subject Index

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