The Variable Scope of the Exclusive Economic Rights in Copyright

Name: The Variable Scope of the Exclusive Economic Rights in Copyright
Brand: Kluwer Law International
Price: 273.99 EUR
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Sari Depreeuw(Autor*in)

Kluwer Law International (Verlag)

Erschienen am 23. Mai 2014

584 Seiten

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Beschreibung

Which 'uses' of a work can an author protect and which exclusive economic rights under copyright can she rely upon to exercise this control? There was a time when the answer was straightforward, but with each major technological development it takes a while before the legal protection is recalibrated to the new situation, the techniques and the new economic exploitations they enabled. Today the understanding of the uses protected under copyright has become bewilderingly complex because of digital technologies and the profound changes they brought to the world we live in.

This book offers a thorough analysis of the question of the scope of protection under current international and European law, one cannot find a clearer explication - or more useful recommendations - than in this book.

The author describes two distinct but interwoven aspects of copyright: the reproduction right, and the rights of communication to the public. These aspects are examined as they are touched upon under several international instruments, including the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty and in European law under the Computer Programs Directive, the Directive on Satellite and Cable, the Database Directive and the Information Society Directive and their interpretation by the European Court of Justice. The author pays particular attention to the role that technologies play in relation to the definition of the protected act and to the exploitation of the work. In a concluding chapter, she lays bare the central object of protection of the exploitation rights, and proposes a method to align the scope of protection of both rights to this central object, spelling out principles that must be observed in order to achieve a more consistent protection that is less vulnerable to technical contingencies.

Along the way all the essential issues arise for discussion. These include the following:

reach and end point of the protected acts of reproduction and communication to the public;
coexistence of communication to the public and reproduction;
intermediate transmissions between distributors that are not accessible to end-users;
distribution rights;
online transmissions;
(anticipated) exploitation;
temporary reproductions that are an integral and essential part of a technological process;
access on demand;

Important legal terms - simple-looking but far from susceptible to clear definition, such as 'by any means and in any form', 'in whole or in part', 'making available', and even 'the public' - are discussed in all relevant contexts.

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Inhalt

Cover
Half Title Page
Editorial Board
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Reproduction Right
1.1. INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK
1.1.1. BERNE CONVENTION
1.1.1.1. Before the Introduction of a General Reproduction Right
1.1.1.1.1. Assimilation Principle
1.1.1.1.2. Fragmentary Regulation
1.1.1.1.3. Conclusions on the Specific Reproduction Provisions
1.1.1.2. General Reproduction Right
1.1.1.2.1. Legislative History
1.1.1.2.2. General Scope
1.1.1.2.3. Content of the Reproduction Right
1.1.1.2.4. Conclusion on the General Reproduction Right in the Berne Convention
1.1.1.3. Reproduction and Digitisation under the Berne Convention
1.1.1.3.1. The 1971 Ulmer Report
1.1.1.3.2. The WIPO/UNESCO Guidelines
1.1.1.3.3. Evolving Approaches to "Reproduction"
1.1.2. WIPO COPYRIGHT TREATY
1.1.2.1. Legislative History
1.1.2.2. Agreed Statement
1.2. EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK
1.2.1. COMPUTER PROGRAMS DIRECTIVE
1.2.1.1. Protected Act of Reproduction
1.2.1.1.1. No Definition of "Reproduction"
1.2.1.1.2. By Any Means, in Any Form
1.2.1.1.3. Permanent or Temporary
1.2.1.1.4. In Whole or in Part
1.2.1.2. "Exploitation" of Computer Programs
1.2.1.2.1. Notion of "Reproduction"
1.2.1.2.2. Exception for the Use of the Computer Program
1.2.1.2.3. Revisiting the Reproduction of Computer Programs
1.2.1.2.4. Distribution Right
1.2.1.3. Conclusion on the Reproduction Right in the Computer Programs Directive
1.2.2. DATABASE DIRECTIVE
1.2.2.1. Protected Act of Reproduction
1.2.2.1.1. Protected Subject-Matter
1.2.2.1.2. No Definition of "Reproduction"
1.2.2.1.3. Temporary or Permanent
1.2.2.1.4. By Any Means and in Any Form
1.2.2.1.5. In Whole or in Part
1.2.2.2. Exploitation of Database Structures?
1.2.2.2.1. Actual and Anticipated Exploitation
1.2.2.2.2. Exception for Access and Normal Use
1.2.2.3. Conclusion on the Reproduction Right in the Database Directive
1.2.3. INFORMATION SOCIETY DIRECTIVE
1.2.3.1. Protected Act of Reproduction
1.2.3.1.1. No Definition of "Reproduction"
1.2.3.1.2. Direct and Indirect
1.2.3.1.3. Temporary and Permanent
1.2.3.1.4. By Any Means and in Any Form
1.2.3.1.5. In Whole or in Part
1.2.3.2. Exploitation of a Copyright Work
1.2.3.2.1. Technology and Economic Exploitation
1.2.3.2.2. Technical Notion
1.2.3.2.3. Exception for Temporary Acts of Reproduction
1.2.3.2.4. Modus Operandi
1.2.3.2.5. Three-Step Test
1.2.3.3. Conclusion on the Reproduction Right in the Information Society Directive
1.3. CONCLUSIONS ON THE REPRODUCTION RIGHT
Chapter 2 The Rights of Communication to the Public
2.1. INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK
2.1.1. BERNE CONVENTION
2.1.1.1. Public Performance
2.1.1.1.1. Selected Categories of Works
2.1.1.1.2. Performance
2.1.1.1.3. Public
2.1.1.1.4. Coexistence with the Reproduction Right
2.1.1.1.5. Conclusion regarding the Public Performance Rights
2.1.1.2. Communications to the Public
2.1.1.2.1. Broadcasting and Further Diffusion
2.1.1.2.2. Other Transmissions to the Public
2.1.1.3. Delineation of the Restricted Acts
2.1.1.3.1. Distribution within the Reach of the Broadcast
2.1.1.3.2. Collective Antenna and Cable Networks
2.1.1.3.3. Intermediate Satellite Transmission
2.1.1.4. The "Public" under the Berne Convention
2.1.1.4.1. "Public" versus "Private" Circle
2.1.1.4.2. Remote Public
2.1.1.4.3. Public Nature as a Marker for Exploitation
2.1.1.4.4. Conclusions on the Rights of Communication to the Public in the Berne Convention
2.1.2. WIPO COPYRIGHT TREATY
2.1.2.1. General Right of Communication to the Public
2.1.2.1.1. All Types of Literary and Artistic Works
2.1.2.1.2. Any Communication
2.1.2.1.3. Including the Making Available of Works
2.1.2.2. The "Public" in the WCT
2.1.2.3. Conclusions on the Right of Communication to the Public in the WCT
2.2. EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK
2.2.1. SATELLITE AND CABLE DIRECTIVE
2.2.1.1. Communication to the Public by Satellite
2.2.1.1.1. Protected Act of Communication to the Public by Satellite Broadcasting
2.2.1.1.2. Regulation of Satellite Broadcasting
2.2.1.2. Cable Retransmission
2.2.1.2.1. Cable Retransmission between Member States
2.2.1.2.2. Protection of the Right of Cable Retransmission
2.2.1.2.3. Conclusion on Cable Retransmission
2.2.1.3. Conclusions on the Right of Communication to the Public in the Satellite and Cable Directive
2.2.2. DATABASE DIRECTIVE
2.2.2.1. Any Form of Distribution to the Public
2.2.2.2. Communication, Display or Performance to the Public
2.2.2.3. Exploitation of the Database
2.2.2.3.1. Qualification: Distribution versus Communication
2.2.2.4. Conclusions on the Rights of Distribution and Communication in the Database Directive
2.2.3. INFORMATION SOCIETY DIRECTIVE
2.2.3.1. Need for Harmonisation
2.2.3.2. Protected Act of "Communication"
2.2.3.2.1. Notion of "Communication"
2.2.3.2.2. Remote Communication
2.2.3.2.3. Not the Mere Provision of Physical Facilities
2.2.3.2.4. Making the Work Available to the Public
2.2.3.3. The "Public" in the Information Society Directive
2.2.3.3.1. Public versus Private
2.2.3.3.2. Indeterminate Number of Potential Recipients
2.2.3.4. Delineation and Qualification
2.2.3.4.1. Coexisting Exploitations
2.2.3.4.2. Composite Transmission Process
2.2.3.4.3. Overlap with Reproduction Right
2.2.3.5. Conclusion on Right of Communication to the Public in the Information Society Directive
2.3. CONCLUSIONS ON THE RIGHTS OF COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC
Chapter 3 Towards a Consistent Scope of Protection
3.1. ACCUMULATION OF ECONOMIC RIGHTS
3.1.1. REPRODUCTION RIGHT: FROM PROTECTION OF THE EXPLOITATION TO PROTECTION OF THE COPY
3.1.2. DISINTEGRATION OF "COMMUNICATION" AND THE "PUBLIC"
3.1.3. THE RELATION BETWEEN ECONOMIC RIGHTS
3.1.4. THE CASE OF WEB SEARCH ENGINES
3.2. COPYRIGHT CONSISTENCE AND EXPLOITATION
3.2.1. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
3.2.2. REINSTATING THE EXPLOITATION IN THE EXPLOITATION RIGHTS
3.2.3. REFINING THE CONCEPTS
3.2.3.1. "Exploitation"
3.2.3.2. Technology versus Exploitation
3.2.4. EXPLOITATION BY REPRODUCTION OR BY COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC
3.2.4.1. Exploitation by Reproduction
3.2.4.2. Exploitation by Communication to the Public
3.2.4.3. Method
3.2.4.3.1. Central: Act of Exploitation
3.2.4.3.2. Anchor Point for Protection
3.2.4.3.3. Reach and End Point of the Protected Act
3.2.4.3.4. The Case of Web Search Engines
Bibliography
Table of Cases
Index
Back Cover

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