Relativistic Astrophysics

Preface1. Gravitational Fields 1.1. Newton's theory of gravitation 1.2. Gravitational fields in the General Theory of Relativity 1.3. Local inertial frames 1.4. Spherically symmetric gravitational fields 1.5. Motion of test particles in a spher cally symmetric gravitational field 1.6. Extension of the Schwarzschild metric 1.7. The weak-field approximation 1.8. Stationary gravitational fields. The Kerr metric 1.9. Motion of test particles and light signals in Kerr space-time Literature 2. Elements of Relativistic Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics 2.1. Relativistic transformation properties of thermodynamic quantities 2.2. The energy-momentum tensor 2.3. Kinematic quantities characterizing the motion of a medium 2.4. Relativistic equations of hydrodynamics 2.5. Relativistic equations of dissipative processes 2.6. Equations of hydrodynamics in the post-Newtonian approximation Literature 3. Gravitational Fields in Matter 3.1. Gravitational fields in matter. The Friedman solution 3.2. Complete solution for a spherically symmetric dust cloud. Matching conditions 3.3. Spherically symmetric, static distribution of matter 3.4. Weak gravitational fields Literature 4. Stellar Equilibrium and Stability in General Relativity 4.1. Conditions of equil brium 4.2. Polytropic stars in Newton's theory 4.3. Adi batic gaseous spheres in general relativity 4.4. Stellar stabil'ty in Newton's theory 4.5. Stellar st bility in the post-Newtonian approximation 4.6. Stability of spherically symmetric equilibrium configurations with respect to radial perturbations 4.7. Spherical configurations of cold, catalyzed matter. Critical mass Literature 5. Rotating Stars 5.1. Critical mass of rotating stars 5.2. Newtonian theory of rotating bodies 5.3. Assumptions and definitions 5.4. Basic equ tions 5.5. Preferred observers. Dragging of inertial frames 5.6. Relativistic von Zeipel theorems. Convective stability 5.7. Slow rotation. Models of rotating neutron stars Literature 6. Neutron Stars and Pulsars 6.1. Late stages of stellar evolution 6.2. Neutron stars 6.3. Pulsars Literature 7. Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes 7.1. Spherically symmetric collapse of a dust cloud 7.2. Adiabatic spherical collapse 7.3. Nonspherical collapse. Trapped surfaces and apparent horizons 7.4. General properties of black holes 7.5. Stationary black holes 7.6. Kerr-Newman black holes 7.7. The four laws of black hole mechanics 7.8. Stability of Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions 7.9. Particle creation by black holes. The Hawking process Literature 8. Astrophysics of Neutron Stars and Black Holes 8.1. Spherically symmetric accretion of matter onto neutron stars and black holes 8.2. Binary star systems 8.3. Accretion of matter onto a black hole or neutron star in a binary system 8.4. Compact X-ray sources and observational data 8.5. Cyg X-l as observational confirmation of the existence of a black hole 8.6. Black holes in spherical clusters and galactic nuclei 8.7. Interaction of a black hole with its environment 8.8. Equations of motion for a black hole Literature9. Gravitational Waves 9.1. Gravitational waves in the weak-field approximation 9.2. Gravitational waves in curved space 9.3. Motion of test particles in a plane gravitational wave. Polarization 9.4. Astrophysical sources of gravitational waves 9.5. Weber's antenna and other attempts to detect gravitational waves 9.6. Interaction between electromagnetic and gravitational waves. Laboratory sources and detectors of gravitational waves 9.7. Binary pulsar PSR 1913 +16: an indirect confirmation of the existence of gravitational waves Literature 10. Cosmology 10.1.