This book develops concepts and a methodology for a rationaldescription of the organization of three-dimensional flowsconsidering, in particular, the case where the flow is the place ofseparations. The descriptive analysis based on the critical pointtheory of Poincaré develops conventional but rather unfamiliarconsiderations from aerodynamicists, who face the understanding ofcomplex flows including multiple separation lines and vortices.These problems concern industrial sectors where aerodynamics playsa key role, such as aerospace, ground vehicles, buildings, etc.
Contents
1. Skin Friction Lines Pattern and Critical Points.
2. Separation Streamsurfaces and Vortex Structures.
3. Separated Flow on a Body.
4. Vortex Wake of Wings and Slender Bodies.
5. Separation Induced by an Obstacle or a Blunt Body.
6. Reconsideration of the Two-Dimensional Separation.
7. Concluding Remarks.
About the Authors
Jean Délery is a Supaero (French National Higher School ofAeronautics and Space) engineer who has worked at Onera (Frenchnational aerospace research center) since 1964. He has participatedin several major French and European aerospace programs, is theauthor of many scientific publications, and has occupied variousteaching positions particularly at Supaero, the University ofVersailles-Saint-Quentin, Ecole polytechnique in France and"La Sapienza" University in Rome, Italy. He iscurrently emeritus adviser at Onera.
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ISBN-13
978-1-118-57841-4 (9781118578414)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
INTRODUCTION ix
CHAPTER 1. SKIN FRICTION LINES PATTERN AND CRITICAL POINTS 1
1.1. Basic properties of the three-dimensional boundary layer 1
1.2. Skin friction lines and surface flow pattern 5
1.3. Critical points of the skin friction line pattern 8
1.3.1. General solution and the eigenvalue problem 8
1.3.2. The different critical points 14
1.4. Critical points of the wall vorticity lines 24
CHAPTER 2. SEPARATION STREAMSURFACES AND VORTEX STRUCTURES 27
2.1. Generalization to the flow field and three-dimensional critical points 27
2.2. Separation and attachment lines 32
2.3. Streamsurfaces of separation and attachment 36
2.4. Vortical structures 40
2.5. Some properties of a vortical structure 42
CHAPTER 3. SEPARATED FLOW ON A BODY 47
3.1. Basic rules and definitions 47
3.2. General definition: the basic separated structures 49
3.3. Field associated with a separation with one saddle point and three nodes: the horseshoe vortex 56
3.4. Field associated with a separation with one point and two foci: the tornado-like vortex 62
CHAPTER 4. VORTEX WAKE OF WINGS AND SLENDER BODIES 69
4.1. Vortical structures over a delta wing 69
4.2. Vortical flow over a slender body 77
4.3. Vortex wake of a classical wing 82
4.3.1. Topological description 82
4.3.2. A scenario for the origin of vortices on a wing 88
CHAPTER 5. SEPARATION INDUCED BY AN OBSTACLE OR A BLUNT BODY 91
5.1. Separation in front of an obstacle 91
5.2. Flow induced by an obstacle of finite height or protuberance 97
5.4. The flow past an automobile 110
5.4.1. The surface flow pattern 110
5.4.2. Separation surfaces 116
CHAPTER 6. RECONSIDERATION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATION 121
6.1. Some definitions: a reminder 121
6.2. Two-dimensional separation 123
6.3. Special critical points 123
6.4. Three-dimensional structure of a two-dimensional separated flow 131
6.5. Axisymmetric afterbody 136
CHAPTER 7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 143
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147
LIST OF SYMBOLS 151
INDEX 153
