C# 2010 for Programmers

Preface xxi Before You Begin xxxiv






Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Microsoft's Windows (R) Operating System 2

1.3 C, C++, Objective-C and Java 3

1.4 C# 3

1.5 Extensible Markup Language (XML) 4

1.6 Introduction to Microsoft .NET 4

1.7 The .NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime 4

1.8 Test-Driving the Advanced Painter Application 5

1.9 Introduction to Object Technology 8

1.10 Wrap-Up 10



Chapter 2: Dive Into (R) Visual C# 2010 Express 11

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Overview of the Visual Studio 2010 IDE 12

2.3 Menu Bar and Toolbar 17

2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE 19

2.5 Using Help 24

2.6 Using Visual Programming to Create a Simple Program that Displays Text and an Image 27

2.7 Wrap-Up 38

2.8 Web Resources 39



Chapter 3: Introduction to C# Applications 40

3.1 Introduction 41

3.2 A Simple C# Application: Displaying a Line of Text 41

3.3 Creating a Simple Application in Visual C# Express 46

3.4 Modifying Your Simple C# Application 53

3.5 Formatting Text with Console.Write and Console.WriteLine 56

3.6 Another C# Application: Adding Integers 57

3.7 Arithmetic 59

3.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 61

3.9 Wrap-Up 65



Chapter 4: Introduction to Classes and Objects 66

4.1 Introduction 67

4.2 Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties and Instance Variables 67

4.3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class 68

4.4 Declaring a Method with a Parameter 72

4.5 Instance Variables and Properties 75

4.6 UML Class Diagram with a Property 80

4.7 Software Engineering with Properties and set and get Accessors 81

4.8 Auto-Implemented Properties 82

4.9 Value Types vs. Reference Types 83

4.10 Initializing Objects with Constructors 84

4.11 Floating-Point Numbers and Type decimal 87

4.12 Wrap-Up 93



Chapter 5: Control Statements: Part 1 94

5.1 Introduction 95

5.2 Control Structures 95

5.3 if Single-Selection Statement 97

5.4 if...else Double-Selection Statement 98

5.5 while Repetition Statement 102

5.6 Counter-Controlled Repetition 103

5.7 Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 107

5.8 Nested Control Statements 112

5.9 Compound Assignment Operators 115

5.10 Increment and Decrement Operators 115

5.11 Simple Types 118

5.12 Wrap-Up 119



Chapter 6: Control Statements: Part 2 120

6.1 Introduction 121

6.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 121

6.3 for Repetition Statement 122

6.4 Examples Using the for Statement 127

6.5 do...while Repetition Statement 131

6.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 132

6.7 break and continue Statements 140

6.8 Logical Operators 142

6.9 Wrap-Up 148



Chapter 7: Methods: A Deeper Look 149

7.1 Introduction 150

7.2 Packaging Code in C# 150

7.3 static Methods, static Variables and Class Math 151

7.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters 154

7.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 157

7.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records 158

7.7 Argument Promotion and Casting 159

7.8 The .NET Framework Class Library 160

7.9 Case Study: Random-Number Generation 162

7.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations) 167

7.11 Scope of Declarations 172

7.12 Method Overloading 174

7.13 Optional Parameters 177

7.14 Named Parameters 178

7.15 Recursion 179

7.16 Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs. Pass-by-Reference 182

7.17 Wrap-Up 185



Chapter 8: Arrays 187

8.1 Introduction 188

8.2 Arrays 188

8.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 189

8.4 Examples Using Arrays 190

8.5 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 199

8.6 foreach Statement 203

8.7 Passing Arrays and Array Elements to Methods 205

8.8 Passing Arrays by Value and by Reference 208

8.9 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 212

8.10 Multidimensional Arrays 217

8.11 Case Study: GradeBook Using a Rectangular Array 222

8.12 Variable-Length Argument Lists 227

8.13 Using Command-Line Arguments 229

8.14 Wrap-Up 231



Chapter 9: Introduction to LINQ and the List Collection 232

9.1 Introduction 233

9.2 Querying an Array of int Values Using LINQ 234

9.3 Querying an Array of Employee Objects Using LINQ 238

9.4 Introduction to Collections 243

9.5 Querying a Generic Collection Using LINQ 246

9.6 Wrap-Up 248

9.7 Deitel LINQ Resource Center 248



Chapter 10: Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look 249

10.1 Introduction 250

10.2 Time Class Case Study 250

10.3 Controlling Access to Members 254

10.4 Referring to the Current Object's Members with the this Reference 255

10.5 Indexers 257

10.6 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 261

10.7 Default and Parameterless Constructors 267

10.8 Composition 267

10.9 Garbage Collection and Destructors 270

10.10 static Class Members 271

10.11 readonly Instance Variables 275

10.12 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation 276

10.13 Time Class Case Study: Creating Class Libraries 277

10.14 internal Access 282

10.15 Class View and Object Browser 283

10.16 Object Initializers 285

10.17 Time Class Case Study: Extension Methods 288

10.18 Delegates 291

10.19 Lambda Expressions 293

10.20 Anonymous Types 296

10.21 Wrap-Up 298



Chapter 11: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 300

11.1 Introduction 301

11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 302

11.3 protected Members 304

11.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 305

11.5 Constructors in Derived Classes 329

11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 329

11.7 Class object 330

11.8 Wrap-Up 331



Chapter 12: OOP: Polymorphism, Interfaces and Operator Overloading 332

12.1 Introduction 333

12.2 Polymorphism Examples 335

12.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 336

12.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 339

12.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 341

12.6 sealed Methods and Classes 357

12.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces 357

12.8 Operator Overloading 368

12.9 Wrap-Up 371



Chapter 13: Exception Handling 372

13.1 Introduction 373

13.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 373

13.3 Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions 376

13.4 .NET Exception Hierarchy 381

13.5 finally Block 383

13.6 The using Statement 389

13.7 Exception Properties 390

13.8 User-Defined Exception Classes 395

13.9 Wrap-Up 398



Chapter 14: Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 1 399

14.1 Introduction 400

14.2 Windows Forms 401

14.3 Event Handling 403

14.4 Control Properties and Layout 410

14.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons 414

14.6 GroupBoxes and Panels 417

14.7 CheckBoxes and RadioButtons 420

14.8 PictureBoxes 428

14.9 ToolTips 430

14.10 NumericUpDown Control 432

14.11 Mouse-Event Handling 434

14.12 Keyboard-Event Handling 437

14.13 Wrap-Up 440



Chapter 15: Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 2 441

15.1 Introduction 442

15.2 Menus 442

15.3 MonthCalendar Control 451

15.4 DateTimePicker Control 452

15.5 LinkLabel Control 455

15.6 ListBox Control 459

15.7 CheckedListBox Control 463

15.8 ComboBox Control 466

15.9 TreeView Control 470

15.10 ListView Control 475

15.11 TabControl Control 481

15.12 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows 486

15.13 Visual Inheritance 493

15.14 User-Defined Controls 498

15.15 Wrap-Up 502



Chapter 16: Strings and Characters 504

16.1 Introduction 505

16.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 506

16.3 string Constructors 507

16.4 string Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method 508

16.5 Comparing strings 509

16.6 Locating Characters and Substrings in strings 512

16.7 Extracting Substrings from strings 515

16.8 Concatenating strings 516

16.9 Miscellaneous string Methods 517

16.10 Class StringBuilder 518

16.11 Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder 519

16.12 Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder 521

16.13 Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder 523

16.14 Char Methods 526

16.15 Regular Expressions 528

16.16 Wrap-Up 542



Chapter 17: Files and Streams 543

17.1 Introduction 544

17.2 Data Hierarchy 544

17.3 Files and Streams 546

17.4 Classes File and Directory 547

17.5 Creating a Sequential-Access Text File 556

17.6 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File 565

17.7 Case Study: Credit Inquiry Program 569

17.8 Serialization 575

17.9 Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization 576

17.10 Reading and Deserializing Data from a Binary File 580

17.11 Wrap-Up 582



Chapter 18: Databases and LINQ 584

18.1 Introduction 585

18.2 Relational Databases 586

18.3 A Books Database 587

18.4 LINQ to SQL 590

18.5 Querying a Database with LINQ 591

18.6 Dynamically Binding Query Results 599

18.7 Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ 602

18.8 Creating a Master/Detail View Application 608

18.9 Address Book Case Study 613

18.10 Tools and Web Resources 618

18.11 Wrap-Up 619



Chapter 19: Web App Development with ASP.NET 620

19.1 Introduction 621

19.2 Web Basics 622

19.3 Multitier Application Architecture 623

19.4 Your First Web Application 625

19.5 Standard Web Controls: Designing a Form 636

19.6 Validation Controls 641

19.7 Session Tracking 647

19.8 Case Study: Database-Driven ASP.NET Guestbook 657

19.9 Case Study: ASP.NET AJAX 664

19.10 Case Study: Password-Protected Books Database Application 664

19.11 Wrap-Up 664



Chapter 20: Searching and Sorting 666

20.1 Introduction 667

20.2 Searching Algorithms 667

20.3 Sorting Algorithms 677

20.4 Summary of the Efficiency of Searching and Sorting Algorithms 691

20.5 Wrap-Up 691



Chapter 21: Data Structures 692

21.1 Introduction 693

21.2 Simple-Type structs, Boxing and Unboxing 693

21.3 Self-Referential Classes 694

21.4 Linked Lists 695

21.5 Stacks 708

21.6 Queues 712

21.7 Trees 715

21.8 Wrap-Up 728



Chapter 22: Generics 730

22.1 Introduction 731

22.2 Motivation for Generic Methods 732

22.3 Generic-Method Implementation 734

22.4 Type Constraints 737

22.5 Overloading Generic Methods 739

22.6 Generic Classes 740

22.7 Wrap-Up 749



Chapter 23: Collections 751

23.1 Introduction 752

23.2 Collections Overview 752

23.3 Class Array and Enumerators 755

23.4 Nongeneric Collections 758

23.5 Generic Collections 770

23.6 Covariance and Contravariance for Generic Types 776

23.7 Wrap-Up 778



Chapter 24: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation 780

24.1 Introduction 781

24.2 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 781

24.3 XML Basics 783

24.4 Structuring Data 786

24.5 XML Namespaces 791

24.6 Declarative GUI Programming Using XAML 795

24.7 Creating a WPF Application in Visual C# Express 796

24.8 Laying Out Controls 798

24.9 Event Handling 804

24.10 Commands and Common Application Tasks 812

24.11 WPF GUI Customization 816

24.12 Using Styles to Change the Appearance of Controls 817

24.13 Customizing Windows 823

24.14 Defining a Control's Appearance with Control Templates 826

24.15 Data-Driven GUIs with Data Binding 831

24.16 Wrap-Up 837

24.17 Web Resources 838



Chapter 25: WPF Graphics and Multimedia 839

25.1 Introduction 840

25.2 Controlling Fonts 840

25.3 Basic Shapes 842

25.4 Polygons and Polylines 843

25.5 Brushes 847

25.6 Transforms 853

25.7 WPF Customization: A Television GUI 855

25.8 Animations 864

25.9 (Optional) 3-D Objects and Transforms 867

25.10 Speech Synthesis and Speech Recognition 873

25.11 Wrap-Up 880



Chapter 26: XML and LINQ to XML 881

26.1 Introduction 882

26.2 Document Type Definitions (DTDs) 882

26.3 W3C XML Schema Documents 886

26.4 Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL Transformations 893

26.5 LINQ to XML: Document Object Model (DOM) 902

26.6 LINQ to XML Class Hierarchy 906

26.7 LINQ to XML: Namespaces and Creating Documents 915

26.8 XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransform 918

26.9 Wrap-Up 920

26.10 Web Resources 920



Chapter 27: Web App Development with ASP.NET: A Deeper Look 921

27.1 Introduction 922

27.2 Case Study: Password-Protected Books Database Application 922

27.3 ASP.NET Ajax 940

27.4 Wrap-Up 947



Chapter 28: Web Services 948

28.1 Introduction 949

28.2 WCF Services Basics 950

28.3 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 950

28.4 Representational State Transfer (REST) 951

28.5 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 951

28.6 Publishing and Consuming SOAP-Based WCF Web Services 952

28.7 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based XML Web Services 960

28.8 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based JSON Web Services 964

28.9 Blackjack Web Service: Using Session Tracking in a SOAP-Based WCF Web Service 968

28.10 Airline Reservation Web Service: Database Access and Invoking a Service from ASP.NET 982

28.11 Equation Generator: Returning User-Defined Types 986

28.12 Wrap-Up 998

28.13 Deitel Web Services Resource Centers 999



Chapter 29: Silverlight and Rich Internet Applications 1000

29.1 Introduction 1001

29.2 Platform Overview 1001

29.3 Silverlight Runtime and Tools Installation 1002

29.4 Building a Silverlight WeatherViewer Application 1002

29.5 Animations and the FlickrViewer 1016

29.6 Images and Deep Zoom 1025

29.7 Audio and Video 1038

29.8 Wrap-Up 1043



Chapter 30: ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML 1044

30.1 Introduction 1045

30.2 Examining the ATM Requirements Document 1045

30.3 Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document 1053

30.4 Identifying Class Attributes 1060

30.5 Identifying Objects' States and Activities 1064

30.6 Identifying Class Operations 1068

30.7 Identifying Collaboration Among Objects 1075

30.8 Wrap-Up 1082



Chapter 31: ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design 1087

31.1 Introduction 1088

31.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System 1088

31.3 Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System 1093

31.4 ATM Case Study Implementation 1100

31.5 Wrap-Up 1124



Appendix A: Operator Precedence Chart 1127



Appendix B: Simple Types 1129



Appendix C: ASCII Character Set 1131



Appendix D: Number Systems 1132

D.1 Introduction 1133

D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 1136

D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 1137

D.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 1137

D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 1138

D.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two's Complement Notation 1140



Appendix E: UML 2: Additional Diagram Types 1142

E.1 Introduction 1142

E.2 Additional Diagram Types 1142



Appendix F: Unicode (R) 1144

F.1 Introduction 1145

F.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 1146

F.3 Characters and Glyphs 1147

F.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 1147

F.5 Using Unicode 1148

F.6 Character Ranges 1150



Appendix G: Using the Visual C# 2010 Debugger 1152

G.1 Introduction 1153

G.2 Breakpoints and the Continue Command 1153

G.3 DataTips and Visualizers 1159

G.4 The Locals and Watch Windows 1160

G.5 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue Commands 1163

G.6 Other Debugging Features 1166



Index 1170