Animals and Society

Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I: CONSTRUCTING ANIMALS: ANIMAL CATEGORIES
1. Human-Animal Studies
What Is Human-Animal Studies?
History of HAS
Human-Animal Studies as a Way of Seeing
Where Are Animals?
Defining the Animal
Understanding Animals and Their Uses
Methodological Problems
Theoretical Starting Points
Real-World Implications of Human-Animal Studies
Coming to Animal Studies
2. Animal-Human Borders
Animals and Humans: The Great Divide?
Non-Western Understandings
Speciesism and the Rise of the Human-Animal Border
Evolution and the Continuity Between the Species
3. The Social Construction of Animals
Biological Systems of Classification
Other Systems of Classification
How Does One Become a Type of Animal?
The Sociozoologic Scale
A New System of Classification
The Joy of Chickens
PART II: USING ANIMALS: HUMAN-ANIMAL ECONOMIES
4. Animals "in the Wild" and in Human Societies
Animals and Humans in the Paleolithic Era
Subsistence Hunting and the Human-Animal Relationship
From Subsistence to Sport
Colonial Expansion and Animals
Controversies Surrounding Subsistence Hunting
Modern Relationships with Wildlife: Hunting and Conservation
Human-Wildlife Conflicts
The Colonial Animal
5. The Domestication of Animals
History of Domestication
Results of Domestication
Altering the Animal Body
Is Domestication Good or Bad?
Coming to Animals
6. Display
Why Do We Watch Animals?
Zoos
Marine Mammal Parks
The Public Reaction to Zoos and Marine Mammal Parks
Circuses
Animal Racing
Animal Fighting
Alternative Ways of Watching Animals
Working from Within: An Ethnographer in Human-Animal Worlds
7. The Making and Consumption of Meat
Meat Taboos
How Animals Become Meat
Meat Consumption in the Past
Modern Meat Production
Why We Eat Meat: The Political Economy of Agribusiness
Slaughterhouse Workers
Cultural Implications of Modern Meat Production and Consumption
Ethics and Meat Eating
8. The Pet Animal
What Makes a Pet a Pet?
The Rise of Pet Keeping
The Development of the Modern Pet Industry
Why We Keep Pets
The Human-Pet Relationship
Love and Grief
Development of Humane Attitudes Through Pets
Contradictory Attitudes Toward Pets
Pets and Domination
Helping People
9. Animals and Science
The History of Vivisection
The Scope of Animal Research and Testing
Environmental Enrichment
Animals as Stand-Ins for Humans
The Social Construction of the Lab Animal
The History of the Anti-Vivisection Movement
Alternatives to Animal Research and Testing
The Battle over Animal Research Today
10. Animal-Assisted Activities
Animals as Human Assistants
Working Animals Today
Assistance Animals
Animal-Assisted Therapy
The Human-Animal Bond: Benefits to Humans
What About Benefits to Animals?
The Healing Gifts of Animals: Animal Assisted Therapy
PART III: ATTITUDES TOWARD ANIMALS
11. Working with Animals
Ethnographic Fieldwork
People Who Work with Animals
Animal Rescue Volunteers
Shelter Workers and Veterinarians
Ranchers
Laboratory Workers
Slaughterhouse Workers
Working with People Who Work with Animals
12. Violence to Animals
Institutionalized Violence to Animals
Culture-Specific Violence
Deviant Violence
The Link Between Violence to Animals and Violence to Humans
Domestic Violence and Animal Abuse
Treatment and Prevention
Legislation
AniCare: Treating Animal Abuse
13. Human Oppression and Animal Suffering
Interlinked Systems of Exploitation
The Roots of Oppression
Othering and Essentializing
Sexism and Speciesism
Racism, Slavery, the Holocaust, and Animal Exploitation
What's the Problem with Comparisons?
Racism and Animal Advocacy
Capitalism and the Expansion of Oppression
Connecting the Dots: Legitimating Oppressions
PART IV: IMAGINING ANIMALS: ANIMALS AS SYMBOL
14. Animals in Human Thought
The Use of Animals in Human Language
Animals as Symbols
Animals in Artwork
Mirrors for Human Identities
Animals and the Creative Arts
15. Animals in Religion and Folklore
Animals in Religious Thought
Animal Tales
Animal-Human Transformations
Religious Symbolism
Animal Cults
Sacrificial Lambs
Communities of Faith and the Ethical Treatment of Animals
What Do Animals and Religion Have to Do with Each Other? by Laura Hobgood-Oster
16. Animals in Literature and Film
Animals in Literature
Animals in Children's Literature
Talking Animals
Animals in Film and TV
The Internet Is Made of Cats
Literary Animal Encounters
PART V: KNOWING AND RELATING TO ANIMALS: ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AND ANIMAL ETHICS
17. Animal Behavior Studies and Ethology
History of Animal Behavior Studies
Animal Behavior Studies and Reductionism
The Rise of Modern Ethology
Anthropomorphism
Animal Intelligence
Animal Emotions
Animal Language
The Animal Self
Doing and Saying in Play Between Dogs and People
18. The Moral Status of Animals
History of Philosophical Debates on Animals
Ethical Humanism and the Rights of Animals
Peter Singer and Utilitarianism
Tom Regan and Animal Rights
Other Approaches
The Morality of Awareness
19. The Animal Protection Movement
Conserving Nature
The Movement's Precursors
The Animal Rights Movement: The First Wave
The Animal Rights Movement: The Second Wave
The Modern Animal Rights Movement
Demographics: Who Becomes an Animal Rights Activist?
Place of the Movement in Contemporary Society
20. The Future of the Human-Animal Relationship
Bibliography
Index