Challenges and Innovations in Speaking Assessment

List of Contributors

Series Editors' Foreword

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Assessing second language speaking at ETS: Introduction (John M. Norris & Larry Davis)

Part 1: ETS speaking tests from the 1970s through the 1990s

Chapter 2: Historical perspectives on the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview: ETS contributions (Judith Liskin-Gasparro)

Chapter 3: The TOEFL Test of Spoken English and the Genesis of an ETS Approach to Speaking Assessment (Larry Davis)

Part 2: Design and operation of large-scale speaking tests

Chapter 4: Validity considerations for testing speaking in the workplace: The TOEIC Speaking test (Jonathan Schmidgall)

Chapter 5: Speaking test tasks for young language learners: Development and validation (Edward P. Getman)

Chapter 6: Large-scale human scoring of speaking (Cathy Wendler, Nancy Glazer, & Jeffrey Bard)

Chapter 7: Use of formulaic language in TOEFL iBT speaking responses: Implications for scoring (Xiaoming Xi, Pam Mollaun, & Larry Davis)

Part 3: Innovations in speaking constructs, tasks, and technologies

Chapter 8: Pragmatically speaking: Contexts, forms, and functions in L2 speaking assessment (Veronika Timpe-Laughlin)

Chapter 9: The use of video in integrated speaking tasks: Test-taker perceptions and task performance (Ching-Ni Hsieh, Larry Davis, Yuan Wang, Pam Mollaun, & Jonathan Schmidgall)

Chapter 10: Aligning machine-generated feedback on speaking performance with human judgments: Some initial explorations (Lin Gu, Pam Mollaun, Jeremy Lee, Yuan Wang, Fred Tstutagawa, Saerhim Oh, Jorge Luis Beltran Zuniga)

Index