Voice over IP Fundamentals

(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Summary.)

I. PSTN.

1. Overview of the PSTN and Comparisons to Voice over IP.

The Beginning of the PSTN. Understanding PSTN Basics.

Analog and Digital Signaling. Digital Voice Signals. Local Loops, Trunks, and Interswitch Communication. PSTN Signaling.

PSTN Services and Applications.

PSTN Numbering Plans.

Drivers Behind the Convergence between Voice and Data Networking.

Drawbacks to the PSTN. Telecommunications Deregulation.

Packet Telephony Network Drivers.

Standards-Based Packet Infrastructure Layer. Open Call-Control Layer. VoIP Call-Control Protocols. Open Service Application Layer.

New PSTN Network Infrastructure Model.

2. Enterprise Telephony Today.

Similarities between PSTN and ET. Differences between PSTN and ET.

Signaling Treatment. Advanced Features.

Common ET Designs.

ET Networks Provided by PSTN. Private ET Networks.

3. Basic Telephony Signaling.

Signaling Overview.

Analog and Digital Signaling. Direct Current Signaling. In-Band and Out-of-Band Signaling. Loop-Start and Ground-Start Signaling. CAS and CCS.

E&M Signaling.

Type I. Type II. Type III. Type IV. Type V.

CAS.

Bell System MF Signaling. CCITT No. 5 Signaling. R1. R2.

ISDN.

ISDN. ISDN Access Interfaces. ISDN L2 and L3 Protocols. Basic ISDN Call.

QSIG.

QSIG Services. QSIG Architecture and Reference Points. QSIG Protocol Stack. QSIG Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example.

DPNSS.

4. Signaling System 7.

SS7 Network Architecture.

Signaling Elements. Signaling Links.

SS7 Protocol Overview.

Physical Layer-MTP L1. Data Layer-MTP L2. Network Layer-MTP3. SCCP. TUP. ISUP. TCAP.

SS7 Examples.

Basic Call Setup and Teardown Example. 800 Database Query Example.

List of SS7 Specifications.

5. PSTN Services.

Plain Old Telephone Service.

Custom Calling Features. CLASS Features. Voice Mail.

Integrated Services Digital Network. Business Services.

Virtual Private Voice Networks. Centrex Services. Call Center Services.

Service Provider Services.

Database Services. Operator Services.

II. VOICE OVER IP TECHNOLOGY.

6. Voice over IP Benefits and Applications.

Key Benefits of VoIP. Packet Telephony Call Centers. Service Provider Calling-Card Case Study. Value-Added Services.

ICW. V2L.

Enterprise Case Study: Acme Corporation.

Acme's Current Voice and Data Network. Acme's Convergence Plan and Goals. Integration of Voice and Data Networks.

7. IP Tutorial.

OSI Reference Model.

The Application Layer. The Presentation Layer. The Session Layer. The Transport Layer. The Network Layer. The Data Link Layer. The Physical Layer.

Internet Protocol. Data Link Layer Addresses. IP Addressing. Routing Protocols.

Distance-Vector Routing. Link-State Routing. BGP. IS-IS. OSPF. IGRP.

EIGRP.

RIP.

IP Transport Mechanisms.

TCP. UDP.

References.

8. VoIP: An In-Depth Analysis.

Delay/Latency.

Propagation Delay. Handling Delay. Queuing Delay.

Jitter. Pulse Code Modulation.

What Is PCM? A Sampling Example for Satellite Networks.

Voice Compression.

Voice Coding Standards. Mean Opinion Score. Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement.

Echo. Packet Loss. Voice Activity Detection. Digital-to-Analog Conversion. Tandem Encoding. Transport Protocols.

RTP. Reliable User Data Protocol.

Dial-Plan Design. End Office Switch Call-Flow Versus IP Phone Call.

References.

9. Quality of Service.

QoS Network Toolkit. Edge Functions.

Bandwidth Limitations. cRTP. Queuing. Packet Classification.

Traffic Policing.

Traffic Shaping. Edge QoS Wrap-Up.

Backbone Networks.

High-Speed Transport. Congestion Avoidance. Backbone QoS Wrap-Up.

Rules of Thumb for QoS. Cisco Labs' QoS Testing.

III. IP SIGNALING PROTOCOLS.

10. H.323.

H.323 Elements.

Terminal. Gateway. Gatekeeper. The MCU and Elements. H.323 Proxy Server.

H.323 Protocol Suite.

RAS Signaling. Call Control Signaling (H.225). Media Control and Transport (H.245 and RTP/RTCP).

H.323 Call-Flows.

11. Session Initiation Protocol.

SIP Overview.

User Agents. Network Servers. Addressing. Locating a Server. SIP Transactions. Locating a User.

SIP Messages.

Message Headers. Message Requests. Message Responses.

Basic Operation of SIP.

Proxy Server Example. Redirect Server Example.

12. Gateway Control Protocols.

Simple Gateway Control Protocol.

Relation to Other Standards. Session Description Protocol. Transmission over UDP. SGCP Concepts. Control Functions. Call-Flows.

Media Gateway Control Protocol.

Event Packages. Control Functions. Notifications.

13. Virtual Switch Controller.

Overview of the Virtual Switch. Open Packet Telephony. Packet Voice Network Overview.

Network Elements. Network Interfaces.

VSC Architecture and Operations.

VSC-Supported Protocols. Execution Environment. North American Numbering Plan.

VSC Implementation.

Application Check-Pointing. Virtual Switch Manager. Accounting.

IV. VOICE OVER IP APPLIED.

14. Voice over IP Configuration Issues.

Dial-Plan Considerations.

Dial-Plan Problems.

Feature Transparency.

PSTN Feature Transparency.

Cisco's Dial-Plan Implementation.

15. Voice over IP Applications and Services.

Enterprise Applications and Benefits. Enterprise VoIP Case Study: B.A.N.C. Financing International.

The Background and Setup of B.A.N.C. B.A.N.C.'s Plan of Expansion. Consolidating the Networks. Chicago Router Overview. London Router Overview. Tokyo Router Overview. Denver Router Overview. CCM Overview.

Service Provider Case Study: Prepaid Calling Card.

BOWIE.net Multiservice Networks. AS5300-A Router Overview.

Appendix A: ISUP Messages/Types Formats. Index.