A Failure of Proportion

1. Introduction
I. Non-Consensual Adoption: The Legal Issue and Social Climate
II. Background to Non-Consensual Adoption: A Controversial Solution
III. Book Overview
2. Children's Best Interests and Children's and Parents' Rights
I. Introduction: The Interrelationship between Rights and Best Interests
II. Non-Consensual Adoption and the European Convention on Human Rights
III. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
IV. Conclusion
3. Adoption Cases in the European Court of Human Rights
I. Introduction: Last Port of Call and Last Portal of Hope?
II. The Protection of Children: The ECHR, the UNCRC and Proportionality
III. Procedural Protection of Rights in Adoption Proceedings
IV. Proportionate Protection of Substantive Rights in Care and Adoption Proceedings
V. Guidance on Reuniting Children and Parents in Adoption Cases?
VI. Two UK Adoption Cases in the European Court of Human Rights
VII. Conclusion
4. Adoption Cases in the Courts in England and Wales
I. Introduction: Adoption - First Port of Call or Last Resort?
II. The Adoption Legislation
III. The Controversy of Webster and Norfolk County Council and Others
IV. The Proportionality of Non-Consensual Adoption: Legal Challenges in the Supreme Court
V. Court of Appeal Guidance on Non-Consensual Adoption: Re B-S (Children)
VI. Adoption Law - More Adoptions, More Quickly
VII. Conclusion
5. Alternatives to Non-Consensual Adoption
I. Introduction: Adoption in Proportion?
II. State Assistance in England and Wales
III. Foster Care: Short-Term Stepping Stone or in for the Long Haul?
IV. Kinship Care: Keeping Extended Family Units Together
V. Special Guardianship Orders
VI. Non-Consensual Adoption with Direct Contact
VII. Government Targets, Financial Savings and Proportionality
VIII. Conclusion
6. Conclusion
I. An Overview of the Proportionality of Non-Consensual Adoptions
II. The State and Less Restrictive Alternatives
III. A Final Word on the Importance of Proportionality