Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

ContentsContributorsPreface 1. Introduction to therapeutic drug monitoring: Frequently and less frequently monitored drugsAmitava Dasgupta1. Introduction2. Drugs that require therapeutic drug monitoring 3. Benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring 4. Pathophysiological conditions and other factors that affect drug concentrations 5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of various drug class 6. Conclusions References 2. Effects of preanalytical variables in therapeutic drug monitoringJanetta Bryksin and Heather Stieglitz1. Introduction 2. Lab-related variables 3. Patient-specific variables 4. Conclusions References Further reading 3. Analytical techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoringMichael C. Milone1. Introduction 2. A general classification of analytical methods 3. Understanding and minimizing measurement uncertainty in the clinical laboratory 4. Immunoassays 5. Gas and liquid chromatography 6. Mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS application to TDM 7. Conclusions References 4. Therapeutic drug monitoring using alternative specimens: Saliva and dried blood spotKenichi Tamama1. Introduction 2. Free drug hypothesis 3. Remote sampling for TDM 4. Oral fluid (saliva) 5. Saliva for TDM 6. Saliva collection 7. Factors affecting the distribution of the analytes in DBS 8. DBS with the precise volume deposition 9. Dried plasma spot 10. DBS for TDM 11. Specimen collection for DBS (and VAMS) 12. Laboratory analysis of saliva and dried blood spot 13. Conclusions References 5. Clinical utility of free-drug monitoringFlorin Marcel Musteata1. Introduction 2. Free concentrations versus total concentrations 3. Applications and methods for monitoring free drug concentrations 4. Alternative methods 5. Conclusions References 6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical and newer anticonvulsantsMatthew Luke1. Introduction 2. Pathophysiology of epilepsy 3. Antiepileptic drug monitoring 4. Indications for measuring a drug level 5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical AEDs 6. Newer anticonvulsants 7. Therapeutic monitoring of brivaracetam 8. Therapeutic monitoring of cannabidiol 9. Therapeutic monitoring of cenobamate 10. Therapeutic monitoring of clobazam 11. Therapeutic drug monitoring of eslicarbazepine acetate 12. Therapeutic drug monitoring of felbamate 13. Monitoring of fenfluramine 14. Monitoring of gabapentin 15. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lacosamide 16. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine 17. Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam 18. Therapeutic drug monitoring of oxcarbazepine 19. Therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel 20. Therapeutic drug monitoring of pregabalin 21. Therapeutic drug monitoring of rufinamide 22. Therapeutic drug monitoring of stiripentol 23. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tiagabine 24. Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate 25. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vigabatrin 26. Therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide 27. Analytical methods for monitoring of AEDs 28. Conclusion References 7. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin and other antiarrhythmic drugsAmitava Dasgupta1. Introduction 2. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin 3. Therapeutic drug monitoring of other antiarrhythmic drugs 4. Chromatographic methods for determining multiple antiarrhythmic drugs simultaneously 5. Conclusions References 8. Guidelines for monitoring vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and other antibioticsAmy L. Pyle-Eilola1. Introduction 2. Vancomycin 3. Aminoglycosides 4. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics 5. Therapeutic drug monitoring sulfonamides and trimethoprim 6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of chloramphenicol and tetracycline 7. Therapeutic drug monitoring of quinolones 8. Therapeutic drug monitoring of macrolides 9. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial agents 10. Conclusions References 9. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of classical tricyclic and newer antidepressants: analytical and pharmacogenetics considerationsUttam Garg and Angela Ferguson1.