List of North American families, languages, and dialects

The following is a list of families, languages, and dialects mentioned in the handbook. It is not an exhaustive list of all North American languages and dialects, but just those mentioned in the various chapters. Only North American languages are included here.

The list includes the names as they appear in the chapters, in addition to any alternate names and spellings. While we do not intend to perpetuate misnomers and misspellings, we opted to include names that appear in major publications and those still in use so that relevant resources can be identified. We recognize that these names are likely going to change over time.

For some languages and dialects, multiple names are widely used, and rather than choosing a single main entry, we decided to include each name as a main entry. Names that include cardinal directions, toponyms, etc. are listed once and cross-referenced (e.g., Apache, Plains -> See: Plains Apache).

The third column reflects the genetic affiliation of particular languages and dialects. We chose to list the language family, as well as major branches for some of the larger families. If a name refers to a family, it is noted as such.

Families, languages, dialects

Alternate names and spellings

Language family (branch)

'Wuik?ala

'Uik?ala, Ooweekyala, Oowekyala, Oweek'ala, Oweke(e)no

Wakashan (North Wakashan/Kwakiutlan)

'Iipay

Ipai; Diegueño; Varieties: Mesa Grande, Barona, Santa Ysabel, Iñaja-Cosmit, San Pasqual

Yuman

'Nak?wala

Dialect of Kwak'wala

Wakashan (North Wakashan/Kwakiutlan)

'Uik?ala

Wakashan (North Wakashan/Kwakiutlan)

Abenaki, Eastern

See: Eastern Abenaki

Abenaki, Western

See: Western Abenaki

Achumawi

Achomawi

Palaihnihan

Acoma

Keresan

Adai

Isolate

Ahtna

Atna, Atnakenaege', Copper River, Mednovskiy

Na-Dene (Dene, Northern)

Akokisa

Accokesaws, Arkokisa, Orcoquiza

Unclassified

Alabama

Alibamu, Albaamaha, Albama, Alabamer, Alabamu, Alaba, Albaamo, Aibamo, Aybamo, Halbama, Holbama, Alebamah, Alebamon, Albaamo innaaliilka, Limanu

Muskogean

Aleut

Anangax

Inuit-Yupik-Unangan

Algic

Algic family

Algonquian

Algonkian

Branch of Algic

Algonquin

Anishinàbemiwin; Variety of Ojibwe

Algic (Algonquian)

Almosan

Hypothetical stock: Almosan (Algonquian-Wakashan)

Alsea

Isolate

Alutiiq

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik; Pacific Gulf Yupik

Inuit-Yupik-Unangan

Amerind

Hypothetical superstock

Amotomanco

Unclassified

Anishininimowin

Oji-Cree

Algic (Algonquian)

Apache, Jicarrilla

See: Jicarilla Apache

Apache, Lipan

See: Lipan Apache

Apache, Plains

See: Plains Apache

Apache, San Carlos

See: San Carlos Apache

Apache, Western

See: Western Apache

Apachean

Apache

Subbranch of Na-Dene (Dene)

Apalachee

Muskogean

Apalachee-Spanish pidgin

Pidgin (Muskogean/Indo-European)

Aranama

Anames, Jaranames, Juranames, Xaramenes

Unclassified

Arapaho

Hinóno'eitíít

Algic (Algonquian)

Arikara

Caddoan

Arizona Tewa

Tewa, Hopi-Tewa

Kiowa-Tanoan

Asiatic Eskimo

Inuit-Yupik-Unangan

Atakapa

Yukhiti

Isolate

Athabaskan

Athabascan, Athapascan, Athapaskan, Athabaskan, Dene

Branch of Na-Dene

...

Ati Piman