Water Science, Policy and Management

Name: Water Science, Policy and Management | A Global Challenge
Brand: Wiley
Price: 86.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

A Global Challenge

Simon James Dadson Dustin E. Garrick Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell Jim W. Hall Rob Hope Jocelyne Hughes(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 23. Oktober 2019

408 Seiten

E-Book

PDF mit Adobe-DRM

Systemvoraussetzungen

978-1-119-52059-7 (ISBN)

86,99 €inkl. 7% MwSt.

Systemvoraussetzungen

für PDF mit Adobe-DRM

E-Book Einzellizenz

Als Download verfügbar

Beschreibung

Provides an in-depth look at science, policy and management in the water sector across the globe

Sustainable water management is an increasingly complex challenge and policy priority facing global society. This book examines how governments, municipalities, corporations, and individuals find sustainable water management pathways across competing priorities of water for ecosystems, food, energy, economic growth and human consumption. It looks at the current politics and economics behind the management of our freshwater ecosystems and infrastructure and offers insightful essays that help stimulate more intense and informed debate about the subject and its need for local and international cooperation.

This book celebrates the 15-year anniversary of Oxford University's MSc course in Water Science, Policy and Management. Edited and written by some of the leading minds in the field, writing alongside alumni from the course, Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge offers in-depth chapters in three parts: Science; Policy; and Management. Topics cover: hydroclimatic extremes and climate change; the past, present, and future of groundwater resources; water quality modelling, monitoring, and management; and challenges for freshwater ecosystems. The book presents critical views on the monitoring and modelling of hydrological processes; the rural water policy in Africa and Asia; the political economy of wastewater in Europe; drought policy management and water allocation. It also examines the financing of water infrastructure; the value of wastewater; water resource planning; sustainable urban water supply and the human right to water.

* Features perspectives from some of the world's leading experts on water policy and management

* Identifies and addresses current and future water sector challenges

* Charts water policy trends across a rapidly evolving set of challenges in a variety of global areas

* Covers the reallocation of water; policy process of risk management; the future of the world's water under global environmental change; and more

Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge is an essential book for policy makers and government agencies involved in water management, and for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying water science, governance, and policy.

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Inhalt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedicated Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Water Science, Policy, and Management: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Drivers of Change: Environment, Politics, Economics
1.3 Responses to Change: Technology, Information, Equity
1.4 Science, Policy and Management
Part I Water Science
Chapter 2 Hydroclimatic Extremes and Climate Change
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Key Concepts in Climate Science
2.2.1 The Water Cycle in the Earth System
2.2.2 Radiative Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
2.2.3 Convection and Atmospheric Stability
2.2.4 The General Circulation
2.3 Hydroclimatic Variability and Extremes
2.3.1 Modes of Hydroclimatic Variability
2.3.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
2.3.3 South Asian Monsoon
2.3.4 North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
2.3.5 Other Modes of Variability
2.4 Climate Change and Hydrology
2.4.1 Understanding the Link Between Climate Change and Hydroclimatic Extremes
2.4.2 Climate Models and Climate Projections
2.4.3 Downscaling and Uncertainty
2.5 Managing Hydroclimatic Extremes
2.5.1 Quantifying Risk and Uncertainty
2.5.2 Planning for Extremes in Flood Risk and Water Resources Management
2.5.3 Comparing Top-down with Bottom-up Approaches
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Groundwater Resources: Past, Present, and Future
3.1 Introduction to Groundwater Science
3.2 Quantities of Groundwater: Storage, Recharge, and Abstraction
3.2.1 What Do We Know?
3.2.2 Future Outlook on Measuring Groundwater Quantity
3.2.3 Improving Scientific Knowledge of Groundwater Volumes and Fluxes
3.3 Groundwater Quality
3.3.1 The Composition of Groundwater: Natural Baselines and Pollution
3.3.2 Future Outlook on Groundwater Water Quality: Key Constraints and Approaches to Addressing Them
3.4 Groundwater and Climate Change
3.4.1 Long-term Climatic Influences on Groundwater
3.4.2 Current and Future Influences of Climate Change on Groundwater
3.5 Continuing Challenges for Groundwater Science
3.6 Concluding Points
References
Chapter 4 Water Quality Modelling, Monitoring, and Management
4.1 Water Quality Modelling Background
4.1.1 Water Quality: The Problem
4.1.2 Management Model Approaches and History
4.1.3 Generic Types of Water Quality Models
4.1.4 Lumped Modelling Approaches
4.1.5 Case Study 1: Modelling of Metals Downstream of Mines in Transylvania
4.2 Water Quality Modelling at the Catchment Scale
4.2.1 Integrated Catchment Approach - A Brief Review
4.2.2 The Integrated Catchments (INCA) Model System
4.2.3 Case Study 2: Modelling Contaminants Using INCA - Metaldehyde in the Thames
4.2.4 Case Study 3: Water Quality in the Turag-Balu River System, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4.2.5 Model Uncertainty
4.3 Monitoring Strategies Past and Present
4.3.1 Global Monitoring
4.3.2 National-scale Monitoring
4.3.3 Long-term Monitoring of Key Scientific Sites
4.3.4 Citizen Science Monitoring
4.3.5 Case Study 4: Monitoring and Modelling the Murray-Darling System in Australia
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Challenges for Freshwater Ecosystems
5.1 How do Freshwater Ecosystems Work?
5.1.1 Structure and Function of Freshwater Ecosystems
5.1.2 Key Challenges in Freshwater Ecology
5.2 The Challenge of Water Quality Management: Linking Freshwater Ecosystems to Water Quality
5.2.1 'The Kidneys of the Landscape'
5.2.2 Constructed Wetlands
5.2.3 Managing Freshwater Ecosystems for Water Quality Enhancement
5.3 The Challenge of Invasive Non-native Species: Impacts on Diversity and Ecosystem Function
5.3.1 The Spread of Non-native Freshwater Species
5.3.2 Impacts of INNS
5.3.3 What Can be Done About the Problem?
5.4 The Challenge of Environmental Change: Managing Biogeochemical Cycles and Water Security in Freshwaters
5.4.1 Impacts of Warming and Changing Atmospheric GHGs on Freshwaters
5.4.2 Environmental Flows
5.5 Approaches to Tackling the Challenges of Freshwater Ecosystem Conservation and Management
5.5.1 Technical Innovations
5.5.1.1 Environmental DNA
5.5.1.2 Remote Sensing Methods and Databases
5.5.2 Social Science Innovations
References
Chapter 6 Water and Health: A Dynamic, Enduring Challenge
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Classifying and Measuring Health Outcomes
6.3 Politics and Innovation in Water and Health
6.3.1 Measurement: Understanding the Role of Malnutrition and Infection in Diarrhoea
6.3.2 Treatment: Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)
6.3.3 Knowledge: Emerging Health Issues
6.3.4 Politics and the Pace of Disruption
6.4 Beyond Outbreaks: The Underreported Health Burden of Inadequate Water Supplies
6.5 Enteric Environmental Dysfunction
6.5.1 Visible Disease from Chemical Exposure
6.5.2 Hypertension and Cancer
6.5.3 Cognitive Impairment
6.5.4 Psychosocial Distress
6.5.5 Revisiting the Water-Related Burden of Disease
6.6 Water and Health Challenges in the SDG Period
6.6.1 Improving Service Levels
6.6.2 Improving Water Quality Testing Methods
6.6.3 Leaving No One Behind
6.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Monitoring and Modelling Hydrological Processes
7.1 Modelling Hydrological Systems: Current Approaches
7.1.1 From Local Catchment Models to Global Hydrological Studies
7.1.2 Validation, Verification, and Confirmation in Hydrological Modelling
7.1.3 Representing Human-managed Water Systems
7.2 Monitoring Hydrological Systems
7.2.1 Monitoring the Global Water Cycle Across Scales
7.2.2 Decline of In Situ Monitoring
7.2.3 The Role of EO
7.2.4 Land-based and Airborne Techniques
7.2.5 Non-traditional Hydrological Monitoring Systems
7.3 Future Challenges
7.4 Conclusion
References
Part II Policy
Chapter 8 Reallocating Water
8.1 Water Crises as Allocation Challenges
8.2 Navigating Reallocation
8.3 Socio-cultural Dimensions
8.3.1 Navigating the Changing Culture of Water in Spain
8.4 Natural and Technological Dimensions
8.5 Political Economy Dimensions
8.5.1 Barriers to Reallocation from Agriculture to the City of Cape Town
8.6 A Ladder of Interventions?
8.7 Frontiers of Water Allocation
References
Chapter 9 Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia
9.1 Fifty Years of Rural Water Policy in Africa and Asia
9.2 Pillars of Rural Water Policy
9.3 Community Access, 1980-2000
9.4 Rights and Results, 2000-2020
9.5 Regulated Services, 2020-2030
9.6 Limits to Progress
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10 The Human Right to Water
10.1 The Legal and Historical Background of the Human Right to Water
10.2 Defining the Human Right to Water
10.2.1 Difference Between Human Right to Water and Water Rights
10.3 Implementing the Human Right to Water
10.4 Gap Between Policy Articulation and Implementation of the Human Right to Water
10.5 Key Policy Challenges Facing the Human Right to Water
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 11 Policy Processes in Flood Risk Management
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Flood Risk: Global and Local Scales
11.3 Three Theories of the Policy Process
11.3.1 Punctuated Equilibrium
11.3.2 Multiple Streams
11.3.3 Advocacy Coalitions
11.4 Four Contrasting Case Studies of the Policy Process
11.4.1 South Africa: 1994-2002 and Beyond
11.4.2 Advocacy Coalitions in Bangladesh and the Role of Donor Agencies
11.4.3 Flood Risk Management in Tanzania: The President as Policy Entrepreneur
11.4.4 Flood Insurance in the UK: Six Decades of Relative Policy Stability
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 12 The Political Economy of Wastewater in Europe
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Models of Service Delivery
12.3 Wastewater as a Driver of Investment and Cost Recovery
12.4 Case Studies - Paris and Ireland
12.4.1 Paris
12.4.2 Ireland
12.5 Discussion and Conclusion
12.5.1 The Hidden Role of Wastewater
12.5.2 Emerging Needs and Opportunities in Wastewater
References
Chapter 13 Drought Policy and Management
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Drought, Aridity, Water Scarcity, and Desertification
13.3 Climate Change and Drought
13.4 Drought Policy and Management Development
13.4.1 Drought Legislation
13.4.2 Drought Policies
13.4.3 Drought Governance
13.5 The 'Three Pillars' of Drought Management
13.5.1 Pillar 1: Drought Monitoring and Early Warning Systems
13.5.2 Pillar 2: Drought Impact and Vulnerability Assessments
13.5.3 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness Planning
13.5.4 A Range of Policy Instruments Including Insurance and Water Allocation Regimes
13.6 Drought in Mongolia
13.6.1 Pillars 1 and 2: Drought Monitoring, Impacts, and Vulnerability
13.6.2 Pillar 3: Drought Preparedness, Mitigation, and Response Strategies
13.7 The Example of the Middle East and North Africa Region
13.7.1 Pillar 1: Technical and Institutional Drought Monitoring Challenges
13.7.2 Pillars 2 and 3: Drought Management Institutional Coordination Challenges
13.7.3 Building Resilience - The Moroccan Drought Insurance Example
13.8 Discussion
13.8.1 Case Studies Synthesis
13.8.2 Future Directions for Research
13.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Part III Water Management
Chapter 14 Water Resource System Modelling and Decision Analysis
14.1 The Challenge of Sustainable Water Supply
14.2 The Water Resource System Problem
14.3 Dealing with Multiple Objectives
14.4 Variability and Risk
14.5 Uncertainty and Decisions
14.6 Embedding Simulation Modelling in Practical Decision-making
14.7 The Expanding Boundaries of Water Resource Systems
14.7.1 New Data Sources
14.7.2 Economics
14.7.3 Finance
14.7.4 Society
14.7.5 The Environment
14.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 15 Financing Water Infrastructure
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Infrastructure Financing Challenge
15.3 Bridging the Gap
15.4 Stakeholder Collaboration and the Constructive Corporation
15.5 Hybridity and Blended Finance
15.6 Blended Returns on Investments in Infrastructure
15.7 Water Infrastructure Portfolio Management
15.8 Hybrid Income
15.9 Synthesis
15.10 Scaling the Model
15.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Wastewater: From a Toxin to a Valuable Resource
16.1 Introduction
16.2 The Early Formative Years
16.3 Early Full-Scale Application and Process Development
16.4 The Age of Understanding
16.5 Some Important Legislative and Institutional Changes
16.6 More Understanding and a Plethora of Processes
16.7 The Question of Sludge
16.7.1 Heavy Metals
16.7.2 Toxic Organic Chemicals
16.7.3 Pathogens
16.8 A New Philosophy
A New Paradigm?
16.8.1 Water
16.8.2 Energy
16.8.3 Fertilisers
16.8.4 Phosphate
16.8.5 Other Recoverable Materials
16.9 The Uncollected and Untreated
16.9.1 Sewers
16.9.2 Innovative Institutional Arrangements
16.10 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 17 A Road Map to Sustainable Urban Water Supply
17.1 Introduction
17.2 International Stimuli - What Has Been Achieved?
17.2.1 A Brief History Before the Water Decade of 1981-1990
17.2.2 The Water Decade 1981-1990
17.2.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
17.3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
17.3.1 Formation and Definitions
17.3.2 Water and Sanitation as a Human Right
17.4 Challenges to be Faced
17.4.1 Sustained Political Commitment to Goal
17.4.2 Reliable Data
17.4.3 Effective Planning
17.4.4 Water Resources
17.4.5 Water Distribution
17.4.6 City Planning
17.4.7 Finance
17.5 Reform Requirements
17.5.1 Phnom Penh
17.5.2 National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), Uganda
17.5.3 Chile
17.5.4 Singapore
17.5.5 Conclusions
17.6 Achieving Awareness of What Needs to Be Done
17.7 An Outline Road Map to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on Water
References
Chapter 18 Equity and Urban Water Security
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Urban Water Security: Framing the Global Challenge
18.2.1 Urban Water Security
18.2.2 The Importance of the Urban Space
18.2.3 The Challenge of Water Security for Urban Spaces
18.3 Trade-offs in Urban Water Security
18.3.1 The Water Security Challenge
18.3.2 One Solution for a Complex Issue
18.3.3 Universal and Equitable Development
18.4 Inclusive Water Security: A Case Study of São Paulo's Water
18.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 19 Reflections on Water Security and Humanity
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Human Origins and Water: Then and Now
19.2.1 African Beginnings
19.2.2 The Nile
19.2.3 The Tigris and Euphrates
19.2.4 The Indus
19.2.5 What Might We Learn from These Reflections?
19.3 Water Security and Risk
19.4 Eight Major Global Water Security Challenges
19.4.1 The Dynamic Challenge of Water Security Risks in Changing Climates
19.4.2 The Challenge of Water Supply and Sanitation
19.4.3 The Challenge of Hunger
19.4.4 The Challenge of Floods
19.4.5 The Challenge of Drought
19.4.6 The Challenge of International and Transboundary Waters
19.4.7 The Challenge of 'Spillovers': From Local to Global
19.4.8 The Challenge for the World's 'Low Latitude' Regions
19.5 Conclusions: Priorities and Pathways for Policy-makers
19.5.1 Three Priorities for Investment
19.5.2 Pathways to Water Security
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 20 Charting the World's Water Future?
20.1 Linking Water Science, Policy, and Management
20.2 Charting the World's Water Future: Five Key Challenges
20.3 A Vision for Interdisciplinary Water Education
Index
EULA

Systemvoraussetzungen

Als PDF speichern Als Link merken