Combustion Residues

Preface.
List of Contributors.
1. The Current and Future Nature of Combustion Ashes (AlanThompson).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Coal: the Principal Source of Combustion Residues.
1.3 Coal Ash: the Principal Combustion Residue.
1.4 Other Forms of Combustions.
1.5 Co-combustion Ashes.
1.6 Biomass and Waste.
1.7 Other Fuel Ashes.
1.8 Gasification.
1.9 Summary.
2. Established Uses of Combustion Residues (MichaelAnderson (2.1-2.3, 2.7-2.9) and Rod Jones andMichael McCarthy (2.4-2.6).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Disposal Approaches for Three Prominent CombustionResidues.
2.3 PFA and its Agricultural Applications.
2.4 Uses of Fly Ash in Concrete.
2.5 Application of Fly Ash in Grouts.
2.6 Use of Ash in Fill and Pavement Construction.
2.7 PFA as an Ameliorator of Liquid and Solid Toxic Wastes.
2.8 Commercial Building Products Incorporating PFA.
2.9 The Use of PFA in Ceramic Products.
3. Limitations of Combustion Ashes: "From Threat toProfit'(Henk Nugteren).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Technical Quality.
3.3 Environmental Quality.
3.4 Health and Safety.
4. Novel Products and Applications with CombustionResidues.
4.1 Introduction (Henk Nugteren).
4.2 New Developments in Cement and Concrete Applications (RodJones and Michael McCarthy).
4.3 Combustion Residues in Heavy Clayware Building Products(Michael Anderson).
4.4 Zeolites (Xavier Querol and Natalie Moreno).
4.5 Reinforcing Materials: Fibres Containing Fly Ash (FlavioCioffi).
4.6 Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (Ann Sullivan and RobertHill).
4.7 Fire-resistant Materials (ConstantinoFernández-Pereira and Luis Vilches Arenas).
4.8 Fly Ash as a Replacement for Mineral Fillers in the PolymerIndustry (Henk Nugteren and Richard Kruger).
4.9 Geopolymers (Henk Nugteren).
4.10 Carbon Products (Henk Nugteren and MercedesMaroto-Valer).
4.11 Recovery of Values from Combustion Ashes (MichaelCox).
5. Novel Products - from Concept to Market (IanBarnes and Fritz Moedinger).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Novel Products - Basic Economic Considerations.
5.3 Specifications and Standards.
5.4 Legislation and Taxes.
5.5 Customer Acceptance.
5.6 Environmental Acceptance Schemes.
5.7 Concluding Remarks.
Index.