Oceans For Dummies

Name: Oceans For Dummies
Brand: Wiley
Price: 17.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Ashlan Cousteau Philippe Cousteau Joseph Kraynak(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 26. Januar 2021

448 Seiten

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978-1-119-65444-5 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1 Getting Started with Your Ocean Voyage
Chapter 1 Brushing Up on Ocean Fundamentals
Taking a Nickel Tour of the Ocean(s)
Dividing the ocean into oceans . . . or not
Recognizing the ocean zones
Dropping in on the different ecosystems
Going with the Flow: The Physical Properties of the Ocean
Getting up to speed on the water cycle
Checking out what's at the bottom of the ocean (and below)
Riding waves, tides, and currents
Recognizing the ocean's role in climate control and weather
Meeting the Ocean's Inhabitants
Recognizing strength in numbers: Marine microorganisms
Going green with marine plants and plant-like organisms
Grouping the ocean's animals
Exploring the Complex and Evolving Human-Ocean Relationship
Chapter 2 Appreciating the Ocean's Many Gifts
Supplying Over Half of the World's Oxygen
Playing a Key Role in Regulating Climate and Weather
Producing Protein for Billions of People
Contributing Trillions to the Global Economy
Serving as a Source of Mystery and Wonder
Stimulating our imaginations
Increasing our knowledge of the world around us
Getting in touch with our emotional connection to the sea
Chapter 3 Looking Back at the Ocean's History (and Prehistory)
Discovering How the Ocean Got Its Start
The wet planet theory
The water delivery truck theory
Tracing the Evolution of Ocean Life
Getting the evolutionary ball rolling
Going cellular
And now for a word about metabolism
All together now: Multicellular organisms
Taking evolution to the next level in the Paleozoic era
Gaining momentum in the Mesozoic era
Increasing sophistication in the Cenozoic era
Taking the Earth's Present Evolutionary Pulse
Looking Ahead: What's in Store for the Ocean's Future?
Part 2 Finding Your Way Around
Chapter 4 Mapping the Ocean by Zones
Dividing the Ocean into Three Horizontal Zones
Where land meets sea: The intertidal zone
Wading through the neritic zone
Heading out to sea: The oceanic zone
Exploring the Five Vertical Zones of the Water Column
Skimming the surface: The epipelagic zone
Dimming the lights in the mesopelagic zone
Taking a deeper, darker dive into the bathypelagic zone
Delving into the abyss: The abyssopelagic zone
How low can you go? The hadalpelagic zone
Acknowledging the Existence of Other Zones
From light to dark: The photic and aphotic zones
From top to bottom: The pelagic and benthic zone
Chapter 5 Checking Out the Neighborhoods: The Ocean's Ecosystems
Hugging the Shore
Digging life in the sand
Living life on the rocks
Mixing it up in the estuaries
Muddling through the mudflats
Settling down in salt marshes
Meandering through the mangroves
Swimming through Kelp Forests
Swirling in Sargasso: A Sea without Borders
Grazing in the Seagrass Meadows
Building Their Own Communities: Reefs
Coral reefs
Oyster reefs
Chilling Out at the Poles
Living Under Extreme Conditions: Deep Ocean Ecosystems
Hydrothermal vents
Deep-sea coral reefs
Cold seeps
Whale falls
Moving Out and About: Migratory Species
Chapter 6 Taking a Deeper Dive: Beneath the Ocean
Grasping the Basics of Plate Tectonics
Tracing the Contours of the Seafloor
Creating the first map of the seafloor
Fine-tuning seafloor maps with better technology
Chipping Away at Ocean Rock and Sediment
Checking Out Deep-Sea Cores
Part 3 Sampling the Vast Diversity of Sea Life
Chapter 7 Getting to Know the Mighty Microbes
Meeting the Marine Microbes
Bacteria
Archaea
Viruses
Protists
Fungi
Recognizing the Importance of Microbes
Feeding the ocean's living organisms
Anchoring food chains and webs
Cleaning up our messes
Looking at the Relationship between Microbes and Plankton
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Distinguishing lifers from juvies
Chapter 8 Sorting Out Algae, Seaweed, and Other Aquatic Vegetation
All You Need to Know about Algae, and Then Some
Go big or go home: Macroalgae (a.k.a. seaweed)
Small, but just about everywhere the sun shines: Microalgae
Understanding the threats posed by harmful algae blooms (HABs)
Shoring Up the Shoreline with Mangroves
Not Your Typical Lawn: Seagrass
Checking Out What's Growing in the Salt Marshes
Chapter 9 Getting the Lowdown on Simple Invertebrates
Sponges and Other Holy Creatures: The Porifera
Calcarea
Demospongiae
Hexactinellida
Homoscleromorpha
Jellyfish, Anemones, and Other Notable Cnidarians
Scyphozoans
Hydrozoans
Anthozoans
Cubozoans
Ctenophora (Comb Jellies)
Starfish, Urchins, and Other Famous Echinoderms
Asteroidea (sea stars)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars)
Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
Squirmy Wormies: The Annelids
Polychaetes
Oligochaetes
Hirudinea
Chapter 10 Getting Mushy over Mollusks
Meet the Mother of All Mollusks
Gastropods: Putting Their One Foot Forward
Snails
Sea slugs and sea hares
Bivalves: Parts One and Two
Clams
Oysters
Mussels
Scallops
Cephalopods: Head and Tentacles Above the Rest
Octopi
Squid
Cuttlefish
Nautilus
Chapter 11 Wearing Their Skeletons on the Outside: Crustaceans
What Makes a Crustacean a Crustacean?
The Shrimpy Crustaceans: Branchiopoda
Real Softies: Malacostraca (Soft-Shell Crustaceans)
Phyllocarida
Hoplocarida
Eumalacostraca
A New Twist on Putting Your Foot in Your Mouth: Maxillopoda
Copepods
Barnacles
Fish lice
Crustacean Cave Dwellers: The Remipedia
Ostracoda
What about Horseshoe Crabs?
Chapter 12 Getting Chummy with Fish: Bony and Otherwise
Look Ma, No Jaw! Agnatha
Lampreys
Hagfish
Look Pa, No Bones! Chondrichthyes
Elasmobranchii: The fish with a PR problem
Holocephali: Chimaeras
Check Out the Bones! Osteichthyes
Ray-finned
Lobe-finned
Chapter 13 Meeting a Few Marine Reptiles
Everybody's Favorite: Sea Turtles
Meet the family
Making babies
A seriously threatened animal
Will the Real Sea Serpent Please Slither Forward?
The Only Lizard to Make the Cut: Marine Iguanas
Saltwater Crocodiles
Chapter 14 Bird Watching in and Near the Ocean
Knowing What Makes a Bird a Shorebird or a Seabird
Shorebirds
Seabirds
Flying Way Below the Radar: Penguins
Going Loony
Courting Grebes
Tubular, Dude! Albatross, Petrels, Shearwaters, and Fulmars
Soaring with the albatross
Skimming the surface with shearwaters
Fluttering above the surface with petrels
Pelicans and Other Pelecaniformes
Pelicans
Frigate birds
Boobies and gannets
Cormorants and shags
Phaethontidae - Tropicbirds
Sea Ducks and Geese: The Saltwater Variety
A Curious Mix: The Charadriiformes
Gulls, terns, skimmers, and friends
Auks, puffins, and other Alcids
Shorebirds and waders
Ospreys, Herons, Flamingos, and Other Seaside Attractions
Osprey
Eagles
Herons
Flamingos
Chapter 15 Getting Warm and Fuzzy with Marine Mammals
What Makes Marine Mammals So Special?
Staying toasty
Breathing easy
Adapting to their food source
Adapting to salt water
Exhibiting special sensory adaptations
Getting Acquainted with the Cetaceans: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises
Sizing up baleen whales
Sinking your teeth into the toothed whales
Swimming with the Sirenians: Manatees and Dugongs
Seals, Walruses, and Other Pinnipeds
Earless (true) seals
Eared seals
Walruses
Stepping Out with the Marine Fissipeds
The ever-popular polar bears
Otters you "oughter" know
Part 4 Grasping Basic Ocean Physics
Chapter 16 Following the Ocean in Motion
Meeting the World's Largest Wave Machine
Plain ol' surface waves
Tsunamis: So-called tidal waves
Rising and falling with the tides
Going unnoticed: Internal waves
Upwelling and Downwelling in the Water Column
Riding the Currents: The Ocean's Global Conveyor Belt
Knowing Where the Winds Blow
Going Round and Round with Gyres
Following the Ups and Downs of Sea Levels
Chapter 17 Driving Climate and Weather
Understanding the Ocean's Role in Climate and Weather
Differentiating climate and weather
Looking at how the ocean impacts climate and weather
Letting Off Some Steam
Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons
Monsoons
El Niño and La Niña
Understanding Climate Change and Global Warming
Part 5 Understanding the Human-Ocean Connection
Chapter 18 Taking a Quick Dip into the History of Underwater Exploration
Getting to the Bottom of Things
Diving bells
Hard-hat diving helmets and suits
The self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA)
Submersibles
Setting Up Shop in Underwater Research Stations
Conshelf
SeaLabs
Aquarius
Checking Out Other Ocean Monitoring Gadgets and Technologies
Buoys (moored and drifting)
Coring, dredging, and trawling tools
Water column samplers
Sonar and lidar
The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
Chapter 19 Tapping the Ocean's Resources: The Blue Economy
Supplying the World's Seafood Diet
Harvesting plant life, too
Growing our own supplies: Aquaculture and mariculture
Tapping the Sea as a Source for Fresh Water
Shipping Goods 'Round the World
Digging Up Gold, Diamonds, and Other Valuables: Deep-Sea Mining
Harnessing the Ocean's Energy Resources
Discovering New Medications
Capitalizing on Tourism and Recreation
Accounting for a Few Ancillary Ocean Benefits
Carbon storage (a.k.a. blue carbon)
Coastal protection
Cultural value
Biodiversity
Chapter 20 Governing the Ocean: Treaties, Laws, Agreements, and Enforcement
Recognizing the Two Systems of Law That Govern the Seas
Admiralty Law
The Law of the Sea
Establishing Sovereign and International Jurisdictions
Understanding sovereign jurisdiction
Ruling the high seas: International jurisdiction
Policing the Ocean and Enforcing the Laws
Preventing illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing
Combating piracy on the high seas
Chapter 21 Taking Care of the Ocean That Takes Care of Us
Keeping Tabs on Ocean Health
Zeroing in on the Problems
Pollution
Overfishing
Acidification
Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Warming sea temperatures
Coming Up with Solutions
Improving socioeconomic conditions
Building marine sanctuaries
Cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Restoring and conserving coastal and ocean habitats
Reducing the impact of plastics and other trash
Preventing and recovering from overfishing
Engaging youth
Get involved!
Part 6 The Part of Tens
Chapter 22 Ten Deadly Ocean Creatures
Saltwater Crocodiles
Fugu Fish
Killer Whales
Blue-Ringed Octopus
Sea Snake
Stone Fish
Sharks (But Not All of Them)
Cone Snails
Box Jellyfish
Humans
Chapter 23 Ten Ocean Myths Busted
Melting Sea Ice Increases Sea Levels
Sharks Must Swim Constantly to Survive
Some Penguins Can Fly
Salt Water Kills Bacteria
Seawater Is Just Salty Water
Waterspouts Are Tornadoes Over Water
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Solid Mat of Plastic
All Jellies Can Sting Humans
The Ocean Is Blue Because It Reflects the Color of the Sky
Nothing Lives in the Middle of the Ocean
Chapter 24 Ten Ways You Can Help Preserve the Ocean
Reduce Your Carbon Footprint
Steer Clear of Plastics
Make Sustainable Seafood Choices
Use Ocean-Friendly Sunscreen
Don't Buy Products That Exploit Marine Life
Vote for the Ocean with an Environmental Conscience
Defend Your Drain: Use Natural Products
Protect Your Local Watershed
Make It a Family Affair
Join and Support Ocean Conservation Organizations
Index
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