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The dramatic advances that started over two decades ago in the growth, fabrication and characterisation of low-dimensional materials have continued, with important developments in the seven years since the publication of the first edition of this book. Examples of these novel materials include two-dimensional graphene and van der Waals magnets, as well as nanostructures (such as those formed from ultrathin films, wires, disks and rings), formed either singly or in spatially periodic arrays. In parallel, there have been many improvements in theoretical and simulation methods.
The new edition of this book reflects these changes. In particular, the areas that relate to magnetic excitations, mixed (or hybrid) excitations, and nonlinear excitations have all been very active. Most studies of these artificially engineered materials have been driven by their potential for device applications that involve smaller and smaller physical dimensions.
Recently the patterning of nanoelements, into periodic and other arrays, has become a focus of intense activity, leading for example to photonic crystals (and their analogues such as phononic and magnonic crystals) where the control of the band gaps in the excitation spectrum is a basis for applications. The nonlinear properties of the excitations are increasingly a topic of interest, as well as the linear dynamics.
This book is suitable for physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers (in universities, research labs and industry).
Michael Cottam is an Emeritus Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. He is a former Chair of the department and has also served as Associate Dean of Science (Research) and as the Director of the Western Institute for Nanomaterials Science.
The author's research expertise is in the quantum theory of condensed-matter systems, and in particular in the dynamical properties of the excitations, such as vibrational waves (phonons) and magnetic excitations (spin waves or magnons), in these materials. An area of focus in his recent work has been low-dimensional structures and nanostructured materials. He has published about 300 research articles and multiple books with IOP Publishing, Cambridge University Press, Wiley and World Scientific.
Introduction
1.1 Types of excitations or waves 1
2 Phonons 35
3 Exchange-Dominated Magnetic Excitations 71
4 Dipole-Exchange Magnetic Excitations 103
5 Electronic and Plasmonic Excitations 137
6 Polaritons 169
7 Mixed Excitations 203
8 Nonlinear Dynamics for Nonmagnetic Excitations 231
9 Nonlinear Dynamics for Magnetic Excitations 253
A Some mathematical topics 279
A.1 The tridiagonal matrix method 279
A.2 Linear response and Green functions 283
A.3 Survey of theoretical methods 285
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