Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics

Name: Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders, An Issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics
Brand: Elsevier
Price: 45.99 EUR
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Flavia B. Consens(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 27. Februar 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Sleep in Medical and Neurologic Disorders
Copyright
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
TARGET AUDIENCE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ACCREDITATION
DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE
TO ENROLL
METHOD OF PARTICIPATION
CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS
SLEEP MEDICINE CLINICS
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
June 2016
September 2016
December 2016
RECENT ISSUES
December 2015
September 2015
June 2015
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury
Sleep and Epilepsy
Sleep and Stroke
Sleep in Neuromuscular Diseases
Occupational Sleep Medicine
Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Epidemiologic and Experimental Evidence
Sleep in the Pediatric Population
Special Articles
Sleep Neurobiology and Critical Care Illness
Sleep and the Endocrine System
Congestive Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea
Sleep in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PARKINSON DISEASE
SLEEP DISORDERS IN THE PRODROMAL STAGE OF PARKINSON DISEASE
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Longitudinal studies
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder abnormalities characteristic of Parkinson disease
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson disease pathology
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
SLEEP DISORDERS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH PARKINSON DISEASE
Sleep Disorders in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
Insomnia
Circadian sleep-wake cycle disruption
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Obstructive sleep apnea
Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Restless legs syndrome
Periodic leg movements during sleep
Sleep Disorders in Hereditary Forms of Parkinson Disease
MANAGEMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS IN PARKINSON DISEASE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep and Traumatic Brain Injury
Key points
CLASSIFICATION
POST-TRAUMATIC INSOMNIA
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
POST-TRAUMATIC PLEIOSOMNIA
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
POST-TRAUMATIC EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
TREATMENT
POST-TRAUMATIC CIRCADIAN SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
TREATMENT
OTHER POST-TRAUMATIC SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
REFERENCES
Sleep and Epilepsy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS
COMBINATION THERAPIES
SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS
TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS
EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep and Stroke
Key points
SLEEP APNEA AND STROKE
Pathology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Stroke
Stroke Subtypes
Central sleep apnea
Functional outcome after stroke
Further sleep apnea and stroke studies
INSOMNIA AND STROKE
Pathology
Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia
HYPERSOMNIA AND STROKE
OTHER SLEEP DISORDERS AND STROKE (RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME, PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS IN SLEEP, PARASOMNIAS)
Pathophysiology
Parasomnias
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep in Neuromuscular Diseases
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP
SPECIFIC NEUROMUSCULAR CONDITIONS WITH SLEEP DISORDERS
Sleep Disorders in Motor Neuron Disease
Postpolio Syndrome
Myopathies
Congenital and metabolic myopathies
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Myotonic dystrophy
Acid maltase deficiency
Inflammatory myopathies
SPINAL CORD DISEASES AND PHRENIC NERVE DAMAGE
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISORDERS
NEUROPATHIES
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy or Charcot- Marie- Tooth Disease
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Occupational Sleep Medicine
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS AS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
SLEEP DEPRIVATION
Chronic Sleep Loss
Assessment of sleepiness
Subjective measures of sleepiness
Objective measures of sleepiness
DISORDERED SLEEP
Insomnia
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
Chronotype
Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
Shift Work Disorder
Circadian misalignment
Treatment of circadian misalignment
COMMON MEDICAL ILLNESSES THAT AFFECT SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS
MEDICATIONS THAT AFFECT SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS
CONSEQUENCES OF DISTURBED SLEEP AND SLEEPINESS
Excessive Sleepiness
Cognitive Performance
Vigilance
Errors
Processing speed
Logical reasoning
Learning and memory
Insight
Creativity
Psychomotor Functioning
Emotion Regulation
Drowsy Driving
Obstructive sleep apnea and drowsy driving
Health and Productivity
REFERENCES
Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE
Hypertension
Coronary Heart Disease
Cerebrovascular Disease
Putative Biological Mechanisms and Moderators
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep in the Pediatric Population
Key points
RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Diagnosis
Management
Avoidance of exacerbating factors
Serum ferritin and iron supplementation
Other medications
NARCOLEPSY
Introduction
Impact
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Diagnostic considerations
Cataplexy
Hypnagogic hallucinations
Sleep paralysis
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Pharmacology treatments: stimulants for daytime sleepiness (some listed medications are off-label treatments)
Pharmacology treatment (off-label treatments): cataplexy that is bothersome to the child
Pharmacology treatment (off-label treatment): other medications
PARASOMNIAS
Introduction
Causes
Sleepwalking (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition)
Sleepwalking description
Sleepwalking diagnosis
General diagnostic criteria for disorders of arousal
Additional diagnostic criteria for sleepwalking
Sleep Terrors
Sleep terrors description
Sleep terrors diagnosis
Sleep terrors management
Nightmare Disorder
Nightmare description
Nightmare management
SLEEP AND EPILEPSY
Introduction
Interactions Between Sleep and Epilepsy
Antiepileptic Drugs and Sleep
The Role of Melatonin
Screening for Sleep Disturbance in Children with Epilepsy
SLEEP AND HEADACHES
Introduction
Sleep Duration in Children
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep Neurobiology and Critical Care Illness
Key points
INTRODUCTION
NEUROBIOLOGY OF THE NORMAL SLEEP CYCLE
METHODS FOR SLEEP STUDY IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS
SLEEP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM PATTERNS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Atypical Sleep and Pathologic Wakefulness
Pathophysiology of Atypical Sleep and Pathologic Wakefulness
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
SLEEP ORGANIZATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Sleep Architecture
Sleep Fragmentation
Sleep Continuity
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND MELATONIN IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS
Factors Interfering with Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLEEP DISRUPTION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
The Intensive Care Unit Environment
Light Exposure
Loss of Physical Activity
Effects of Drugs on Sleep
Sedation and Sleep Function
CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP DISRUPTIONS ON SLEEP NEUROBIOLOGY
Prolonged Sleep Privation
Biological Effect of Sleep Deprivation
Sleep and Sepsis
Neurophysiologic Consequences of Sleep Loss
Neuropsychological and Behavioral Effects of Sleep Alterations
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Sleep and the Endocrine System
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM AND SLEEP-WAKE STATE CONTROL OF HORMONAL SECRETION
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisol
Melatonin
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
Gonadotropic Hormones
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Leptin and Ghrelin
Insulin and Glucose
EFFECTS OF ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES ON SLEEP
Acromegaly and Sleep Apnea
Thyroid Hormone and Sleep Disorders
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Cortisol Axis Disorders and Sleep
Sex Hormones and Sleep Disturbances
Testosterone
Estrogen and progesterone
Melatonin Effects on Sleep
THE EFFECT OF SLEEP DISORDERS ON HORMONAL REGULATION
Sleep Deprivation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol
Insulin and glucose metabolism
Leptin, ghrelin, and appetite regulation
Insomnia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol
Insulin and glucose metabolism
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Insulin and glucose metabolism
The metabolic syndrome
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and thyroid-stimulating hormone
Insulin, glucose metabolism, and appetite regulation
Melatonin, gonadotropin, and oncogenic effect
Disorders of Hypersomnia
SLEEP AND ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Congestive Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea
Key points
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Historical Perspective
Epidemiology in Stable Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure in the Intensive Care Unit
PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Control of Breathing
The Concept of Loop Gain
How Congestive Heart Failure Predisposes to Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Circulatory Delay
Chemosensitivity
Lung Volume
Behavioral State Effects
TREATMENT OF CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION
Treatment of Heart Failure
Positive Airway Pressure
Oxygen
Medications
Lung Volume Manipulation
Novel and Future Therapies
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MANAGEMENT
General Considerations
Recognition
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Patient Positioning
Ventilator Management
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Management
SUMMARY
REFERENCES

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