The Making of a World City

About the Author ix
Foreword by Martin Simmons xi
Preface by Rosemary Feenan and Robert Gordon Clark xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Section I London in 1991 - Setting the scene
1 Introduction: Honor Chapman and London:World City 3
2 London prior to 1991: The back story 11
Planning for a new world city 12
The rise of finance and a new rationale for post-industrialLondon 13
A hiatus of government 16
The LDDC and a new era of pragmatism 16
3 The 1991 London:World City report and its message aboutLondon 19
Old rivals, new rivals 22
An agenda for metropolitan governance 24
Brand new: The promotion of London 26
The future knowledge economy 29
Section II The evolution of London, 1991 to 2015
4 The internationalisation of London's economy35
Internationalisation of London's labour force 39
The global financial crisis and after 43
5 Leadership, governance and policy 47
1997 and a new direction for metropolitan government 52
The London Plan: A global city strategy 56
London boroughs 59
Promoting London 60
London's governance today 66
6 Re-investment and urban regeneration 69
Cultural revitalisation of the South Bank: Lambeth, Southwarkand Greenwich 72
New regeneration powers from 2000 74
Regeneration in perspective 77
From de-industrial to post-industrial: Building a new experiencefor markets, leisure and commerce 80
7 Corporate hub, officemarket and real estate 87
The rise and rise of tall buildings 88
The diffusion of London's office geography 89
The transformative impact of foreign capital 93
8 Homes and housing in London 99
Consensus but complacency in the 1990s 100
The London Plan and a new agenda for housing 101
London's housing predicament: Prospects and solutions107
9 London's evolving infrastructure platform 111
The impact of TfL and citywide government on transport 113
From incrementalism to integration? 117
Section III London today and in the future
10 World cities today 121
Measuring world cities in 2015 125
Emerging world cities 128
Insights from benchmarks about short- and long-term city success132
11 London in the next decade: Implications of the rise ofother world cities 135
Finance and business: Global leadership in a new context 138
Culture, diversity and destination 143
Higher education, technology and new sectors 145
Sustainability and liveability: Aspiration or reality? 149
Infrastructure, housing and skills 151
12 Investment in London: Challenges and solutions 159
London's relationship with the UK 160
London's constrained investment scene 162
The financial and investment capacity of London's fiveprincipal rivals 166
London's fiscal position in perspective 169
13 Eight imperatives for London 175
14 Lessons from London for other cities 187
Appendix 195
Bibliography 197
Index 219