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In times of crisis and uncertainty, tourism suffers multiple transformations such as societal, ecological, technological, and political changes, among many others. Beyond the cyclical adjustments, these upheavals call for agility on the part of tourism territories and organizations at various levels.
Tourism Agility in Times of Crisis and Uncertainty 1 proposes a multidisciplinary approach to questioning tourism agility in terms of uncertainty, technology and society. This first volume analyzes various discourses around the notion of major crises, proposing agile responses for a different kind of tourism, mixing theoretical solutions and management approaches, while addressing the question of resilience within the tourism sector. Reflections revolve around the digital skills of companies, while agile vectors - linking artificial intelligence and the quest for meaning - are also examined.
Finally, the societal and social approach to tourism agility highlights the crucial issues of relations between tourists and locals, as well as the contemporary dynamics of visitor-host interactions in the context of agritourism.
Sylvie Christofle is Senior Lecturer in Geography at the Université Côte d'Azur and Deputy Scientific Director of the Institut du tourisme Côte d'Azur, France. Her work focuses on event tourism, MICE (Meeting Incentive Convention Event), territorial marketing, regenerative tourism and smart tourism territories.
Foreword: Thinking on Tourist Destinations as Complex
Systems in Times of Uncertainty xiSalvador Anton CLAVÉ
Acknowledgments xxvii
Introduction to the Authors of the Two Volumes xxix
Introduction xliSylvie CHRISTOFLE based on contributions by Franck DEBOS, David HURON, Jean-Christophe GAY, Bernard MASSIERA, Otto REGALADO-PEZÚA and Jacques SPINDLER
Part 1. Contextualization and Analyses in Times of Uncertainty 1
Chapter 1. Tourism in the Local and National Press: Study of the Impact on the Pre- and Post-Covid Discourse 3Sascha DIWERSY, Jean-Christophe GAY, Véronique MAGRI and Laurent VANNI
1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. Between health crisis and local anchoring: recent development in representations of tourism mediated by the journalistic discourse 4
1.2.1. Presentation of the corpus (working hypotheses and intertextual distances) 4
1.2.2. Study of specificities 6
1.2.3. Specific co-occurrences around the root "touris*" 8
1.3. Change as a constant: representations of tourism through crises of contemporary society 10
1.4. Conclusion 13
1.5. References 13
Chapter 2. Covid-19 Health Crisis and Tourism: Analyses in the 2020-2022 Francophone Scientific Literature 15Cyril MARTIN-COLONNA and Boualem KADRI
2.1. Introduction 15
2.2. A global pandemic as a disruptive factor and questions 16
2.3. Research methodology 18
2.4. Analysis of the results of the selected journals (Espaces 2020, 2022 and Téoros 2020) 19
2.4.1. Les Cahiers Espaces 2020 (12 articles) 19
2.4.2. Téoros 2020 (18 articles) 23
2.4.3. Les Cahiers Espaces 2022 (16 articles) 27
2.5. Conclusion 31
2.6. References 34
Chapter 3. Toward A Different Tourism? Theoretical Solutions to Consider, Avenues to Explore 37Jacques SPINDLER and David HURON
3.1. From overtourism to sustainable tourism? Rethinking performance indicators 38
3.1.1. The necessities of sustainable tourism 39
3.1.2. Tourist preferences 42
3.2. From overtourism to sustainable tourism? Rethinking the messages to convey 44
3.2.1. Digital marketing: a tool for new tourism? 45
3.2.2. "Demarketing": a complementary tool for regulating tourist flows? 47
3.3. Conclusion 49
3.4. References 50
Chapter 4. Resilience of a Tourist Destination in the Post-Covid-19 Era: The Case of Val d'Europe Agglomération 55Nathalie FABRY and Sylvain ZEGHNI
4.1. Introduction 55
4.2. Theoretical framework: the adaptive resilience of an urban tourist destination 56
4.2.1. Resilience 56
4.2.2. Adaptive resilience in urban spaces 57
4.3. Post-Covid Val d'Europe: framework for participatory observation 58
4.3.1. The attractiveness strategy implemented by VEA 58
4.3.2. Val d'Europe, a resilient territory? 61
4.4. Conclusion 64
4.5. References 64
Part 2. Tourism Agility: Between Technology and Society 69
Chapter 5. Identification of Digital Skills: A Study of Peruvian Tourist Businesses 71Otto REGALADO-PEZÚA, Leonardo TORO and Juan Carlos SOSA VARELA
5.1. Introduction 71
5.2. Theoretical framework 73
5.3. Contextual framework 77
5.4. Methodology 79
5.5. Results and conclusions 80
5.6. References 82
Chapter 6. Artificial Intelligence and the Search for Meaning in Support of Marketing Agility in Tourism 87Denis BORIES and Paul-Emmanuel PICHON
6.1. From marketing agility to sense-making in the tourism sector 88
6.2. Sensemaking 89
6.3. From open data to Datatourisme 91
6.4. The contributions of AI to data processing 92
6.5. The limitations of learning methods 94
6.6. Sensemaking to bring meaning to AI results 97
6.7. Conclusion 99
6.8. References 101
Chapter 7. Relationship to Otherness: The Role of Interactions Between Tourists and the Inhabitants of a Territory 105Patrizia LAUDATI, Claudine BATAZZI and Henri ALEXIS
7.1. Introduction 105
7.2. Context and issue 107
7.3. Inhabitant-tourist-place: the relationship with otherness 109
7.3.1. The relationship with others: inhabitant/tourist 110
7.3.2. The relationship with space: individual/place 111
7.4. The approach 111
7.4.1. Step one: the minor squares of Florence: an alternative choice for inhabitants 112
7.4.2. Step two: territorial identity: the images and imaginaries of tourist Nice according to its inhabitants 113
7.4.3. Step three: operationalizing the concepts 115
7.5. Conclusion 115
7.6. References 116
Chapter 8. Reconciling Tourism and Agricultural Agility: On-Farm Activities and "Agritourists" 119Alexis ANNES, Jacinthe BESSIÈRE and Noémie RAVAS
8.1. Introduction 119
8.2. Literature review 120
8.2.1. Agritourism: a diversification activity at the heart of agricultural operations 120
8.2.2. Agritourism: a quest for local traditions and nature 121
8.2.3. Agritourism: an activity shaped by a collective imaginary. 122
8.3. Methodological approach 124
8.4. Results and discussion 124
8.4.1. What are the profiles of agritourists? 124
8.4.2. Connection to agriculture and the natural environment: motivations in line with existing literature 127
8.4.3. Food as the core of the agritourism experience 129
8.4.4. A singular imaginary of the rural and agricultural world 132
8.5. Conclusion 137
8.6. References 138
Conclusion 143Sylvie CHRISTOFLE
List of Authors for the Two Volumes 149
Index 153
Summary of Volume 2 157
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