The Electron Capture Detector and The Study of Reactions With Thermal Electrons

Name: The Electron Capture Detector and The Study of Reactions With Thermal Electrons
Brand: Wiley
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E. C. M. Chen E. S. D. Chen(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. April 2004

544 Seiten

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Inhalt

Intro
THE ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR AND THE STUDY OF REACTIONS WITH THERMAL ELECTRONS
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
1. Scope and History of the Electron
1.1 General Objectives and Organization
1.2 General Scope
1.3 History of the Electron
References
2. Definitions, Nomenclature, Reactions, and Equations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Kinetic and Energetic Terms
2.3 Additional Gas Phase Ionic Reactions
2.4 Electron Affinities from Solution Data
2.5 Semi-Empirical Calculations of Energetic Quantities
2.6 Herschbach Ionic Morse Potential Energy Curves
2.7 Summary
References
3. Thermal Electron Reactions at the University of Houston
3.1 General Introduction
3.2 The First Half-Century, 1900 to 1950
3.3 Fundamental Discovery, 1950 to 1960
3.4 General Accomplishments, 1960 to 1970
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 The Wentworth Group
3.4.3 Stable Negative-Ion Formation
3.4.4 Dissociative Thermal Electron Attachment
3.4.5 Nonlinear Least Squares
3.5 Milestones in the Wentworth Laboratory and Complementary Methods, 1970 to 1980
3.6 Negative-Ion Mass Spectrometry and Morse Potential Energy Curves, 1980 to 1990
3.7 Experimental and Theoretical Milestones, 1990 to 2000
3.8 Summary of Contributions at the University of Houston
References
4. Theoretical Basis of the Experimental Tools
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Kinetic Model of the ECD and NIMS
4.3 Nondissociative Electron Capture
4.4 Dissociative Electron Attachment
4.5 Electron Affinities and Half-Wave Reduction Potentials
4.6 Electron Affinities and Ionization Potentials of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
4.7 Electron Affinities and Charge Transfer Complex Energies
4.8 Summary
References
5. Experimental Procedures and Data Reduction
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental ECD and NICI Procedures
5.3 Reduction of ECD Data to Fundamental Properties
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Acetophenone and Benzaldehyde
5.3.3 Benzanthracene, Benz[a]pyrene, and 1-Naphthaldehyde
5.3.4 Carbon Disulfide
5.3.5 Nitromethane
5.3.6 Consolidation of Electron Affinities for Molecular Oxygen
5.4 Reduction of Negative-Ion Mass Spectral Data
5.5 Precision and Accuracy
5.6 Evaluation of Experimental Results
5.7 Summary
References
6. Complementary Experimental and Theoretical Procedures
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Equilibrium Methods for Determining Electron Affinities
6.3 Photon Techniques
6.4 Thermal Charge Transfer Methods
6.5 Electron and Particle Beam Techniques
6.6 Condensed Phase Measurements of Electron Affinities
6.7 Complementary Theoretical Calculations
6.7.1 Atomic Electron Affinities
6.7.2 Polyatomic Molecules
6.8 Rate Constants for Attachment, Detachment, and Recombination
6.9 Summary
References
7. Consolidating Experimental, Theoretical, and Empirical Data
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Semi-Empirical Quantum Mechanical Calculations
7.3 Morse Potential Energy Curves
7.3.1 Classification of Negative-Ion Morse Potentials
7.3.2 The Negative-Ion States of H(2)
7.3.3 The Negative-Ion States of I(2)
7.3.4 The Negative-Ion States of Benzene and Naphthalene
7.4 Empirical Correlations
7.5 Summary
References
8. Selection, Assignment, and Correlations of Atomic Electron Affinities
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Evaluation of Atomic Electron Affinities
8.3 Mulliken Electronegativities
8.4 Electron Affinities of Atomic Clusters
8.5 Summary
References
9. Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules and Sulfur Fluorides
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Diatomic Molecules
9.2.1 Electron Affinities and Periodic Trends of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
9.2.2 Electron Affinities and Morse Potential Energy Curves: Group VII Diatomic Molecules and Anions
9.2.3 Electron Affinities and Morse Potential Energy Curves: Group VI Diatomic Molecules and Anions
9.2.4 Electron Affinities and Morse Potential Energy Curves: Group IA and IB Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules and Anions
9.2.5 Electron Affinities and Morse Potential Energy Curves: NO and NO(-)
9.3 Triatomic Molecules and Anions
9.4 Electron Affinities and Morse Potential Energy Curves: Sulfur Fluorides and Anions
9.5 Summary
References
10. Negative Ions of Organic Molecules
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Electron Affinities and Potential Energy Curves for Nitrobenzene and Nitromethane
10.3 Electron Affinities Determined Using the Magnetron, Alkali Metal Beam, Photon, and Collisional Ionization Methods
10.3.1 Electron Affinities Determined Using the Magnetron Method
10.3.2 Electron Affinities Determined Using the AMB Method
10.3.3 Electron Affinities Determined Using Photon Methods
10.3.4 Electron Affinities Determined Using Collisional Ionization Methods
10.4 Electron Affinities Determined Using the ECD, NIMS, and TCT Methods
10.4.1 Electron Affinities of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the ECD Method
10.4.2 Electron Affinities of Organic Carbonyl Compounds by the ECD Method
10.4.3 Electron Affinities of Organic Nitro Compounds the ECD and TCT Methods
10.5 Electron Affinities of Charge Transfer Complex Acceptors
10.6 Substituent Effect
10.7 Summary
References
11. Thermal Electrons and Environmental Pollutants
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Alkyl Halides
11.2.1 Morse Potential Energy Curves
11.2.2 Experimental Activation Energies
11.2.3 Alkyl Fluorocompounds
11.2.4 Electron Affinities of the Alkyl Halides
11.3 Aromatic Halides
11.3.1 Electron Affinities of Fluoro- and Chlorobenzenes
11.3.2 Electron Affinities from Reduction Potentials and CURES-EC
11.3.3 Negative-Ion Mass Spectra and Electron Affinities
11.4 Negative-Ion Mass Spectrometry
11.5 Calculation of the ECD and NIMS Temperature Dependence
11.6 Summary
References
12. Biologically Significant Molecules
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Electron Affinities of Purines and Pyrimidines
12.2.1 Predictions of Electron Affinities
12.2.2 Electron Affinities from Reduction Potentials
12.2.3 Gas Phase Measurements of Electron Affinities
12.2.4 Theoretical Electron Affinities
12.3 Electron Affinities of Biological Molecules from Reduction Potentials
12.4 Gas Phase Acidities of Nucleic Acids
12.5 Morse Potential Energy Curves for Thymine and Cytosine
12.6 Gas Phase Acidities and Electron Affinities of the Amino Acids
12.7 The Calculation of the ECD and NIMS Temperature Dependence
12.8 Electron Affinities of AT AU and GC
12.9 Radiation Damage in DNA
12.10 Summary
References
APPENDICES
I Glossary of Terms, Acronyms, and Symbols
II Structures of Organic Molecules
III General Least Squares
IV Tables of Evaluated Electron Affinities
Table A1.1 Atoms
Table A1.2 Main Group Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
References
Table A2.1 and A2.2 CH Molecules
References
Table A2.3 and A2.4 CHX Molecules
References
Table A3.1 and A3.2 CHNX Molecules
References
Table A4.1 and A4.2 CHO Molecules
Table A4.3 and A4.4 CHOX Molecules
References
Table A5.1 and A5.2 CHON Molecules
Table A5.3 and A5.4 CHONX Molecules
References
Table A6.1 Bergman Dewar set
Table A6.2 Values Different from NIST Values (from Tables A2.1 to A5.4)
Table A6.3 Unpublished or Updated Gas Phase Values not in NIST Tables
Table A6.4 Values for Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine, and Their Hydrates
Table A6.5 Values for Charge Transfer Complex Acceptors not in NIST Tables
Table A6.6 Values for Chlorinated Hydrocarbons from Reduction Potentials and CURES-EC
Table A6.7 Values for Biological Compounds from Reduction Potentials
AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX

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