Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts

PREFACE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW ON PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR INVESTIGATING MODEL SOLID CATALYSTS
OVERVIEW ON PHYSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR INVESTIGATING POROUS CATALYSTS LV

VOLUME 1
PART ONE MOLECULAR/LOCAL SPECTROSCOPIES
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Principles of IR Spectroscopy and Basic Knowledge for Its Use
Experimental Considerations
Use of IR Spectroscopy to Characterize Solids
Application to Surface Reactivity: Operando Spectroscopy
Conclusion

RAMAN AND UV-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIES
Introduction
Characterization of Active Sites and Phase Structure of Metal Oxides
Characterization of Surface Metal Oxide Species on Supported Metal Oxides
Electron-Phonon Coupling in Nanostructured Materials
Characterization of sp2 Carbon Materials
Characterization of Transition Metal-Containing Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
Synthesis Mechanisms of Molecular Sieves
Conclusions

ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY: ULTRA VIOLET-VISIBLE AND NEAR IR SPECTROSCOPIES
Introduction and Overview
UV-vis-NIR Spectra
Experimental Considerations
Formation and Alteration of Solids
Surface Reactivity and Catalysis
Conclusions

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Basic Principles of Photoluminescence
General Aspects of Photoluminescence Measurements Characterization of Catalysts by Photoluminescence and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Investigations of the Dynamics of Photocatalysis by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Conclusion

NEUTRON SCATTERING
Introduction
Introduction to the Theory
Experimental
Structure
Dynamics
Conclusion

SUM FREQUENCY GENERATION AND INFRARED REFLECTION ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Theoretical Background of SFG
Spectrometer Setup
Case Studies
Conclusion

INFRA RED REFLECTION ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND POLARISATION MODULATION-IRRAS
Introduction
Principle of IRAS
Principle of PM-IRAS
Applications of IRAS and PM-IRAS
Conclusion

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction and Historical Perspective
Theory
Popular NMR Techniques for Studying Solids
Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Porosity, Adsorption, and Transport Processes
"In Situ" NMR
Towards "Operando" Studies
Conclusion and Outlook

ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
Principles of EPR
Electron-Nucleus Hyperfine Interaction
Experimental Background
Anisotropy of Magnetic Interactions in EPR: the g, A, and D Tensors
EPR Spectra and the Solid State: Single Crystal Versus Powders
Guidelines to Interpretation of EPR Spectra
Computer Simulation of Powder Spectra
Molecular Interpretation of Parameters
Quantum Chemical Calculations of Magnetic Parameters
Advanced EPR Techniques
Characteristics of EPR Techniques in Application to Catalysis and Surfaces
Interfacial and Surface Charge-Transfer Processes
In Situ and Operando EPR Techniques
Conclusions and Prospects

MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
The Mössbauer Effect
Radiation Source
Mössbauer Absorbers
Hyperfine Interactions
Experimental Setups
Evaluation of Experimental Data
Theoretical Calculation of Mössbauer Parameters
Common Mössbauer-Active Transitions
Survey of Applications of the Mössbauer Effect in the Study of Catalytic Materials
Conclusion

LOW ENERGY ION SCATTERING AND SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY
Introduction
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Low-Energy Ion Scattering (Ion Scattering Spectroscopy)
Single-Crystal and Polycrystalline Metal Surfaces
Amorphous Metallic Alloys
From Model to Real Catalysts
Conclusion


X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction
History of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Principle of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: XANES, EXAFS
Experimentation and Data Processing
Application to Oxide Materials
Applications to the Study of Sulfide Catalysts
Application to Metal Catalysts
Conclusion and Perspectives

AUGER ELECTRON, X RAY AND UV PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIES
Introduction
Sources of Analytical Information
Instrumentat