Stroke Rehabilitation, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26-4

Name: Stroke Rehabilitation, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26-4 | Stroke Rehabilitation, an Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26-4
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Stroke Rehabilitation, an Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26-4

John Chae(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 7. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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978-0-323-41349-7 (ISBN)

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Front Cover
Stroke Rehabilitation
Copyright
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITORS
AUTHORS
Contents
Foreword: An Expression of Gratitude
Preface: Stroke Rehabilitation
Predictors of Functional Outcome Following Stroke
Upper Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke
Hemiparetic Gait
Spasticity Management After Stroke
Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain
Poststroke Communication Disorders and Dysphagia
Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery
Robotic Therapy and the Paradox of the Diminishing Number of Degrees of Freedom
The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm: Exploring Motor Learning and Spatiotemporal Asymmetry Poststroke
Integrating Mental Practice with Task-specific Training and Behavioral Supports in Poststroke Rehabilitation: Evidence, Com ...
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia
Stroke Rehabilitation Using Virtual Environments
Tailoring Brain Stimulation to the Nature of Rehabilitative Therapies in Stroke: A Conceptual Framework Based on their Uniq ...
PHYSICAL MEDICINEANDREHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
February 2016
May 2016
August 2016
RECENT ISSUES
August 2015
May 2015
February 2015
Foreword: An Expression of Gratitude
Preface: Stroke Rehabilitation
Predictors of Functional Outcome Following Stroke
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PATTERNS OF RECOVERY FROM STROKE AND KEY MEASURES OF OUTCOME
PREDICTORS OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER STROKE
Activities of Daily Living
Ambulation
Upper Limb Dexterity
Language
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Upper Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke
Key points
THE NATURE OF UPPER LIMB MOTOR IMPAIRMENT
UNDERSTANDING MOTOR IMPAIRMENT FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
LEARNED NONUSE
LEARNED BAD USE
FORGETTING
THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS
CLINICAL OUTCOMES
REFERENCES
Hemiparetic Gait
Key points
INTRODUCTION
NEURAL CONTROL OF NORMAL HUMAN GAIT
NORMAL HUMAN WALKING
NORMAL HUMAN GAIT CYCLE
Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait
Kinematics and Kinetics of Gait
MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING THE GAIT CYCLE
Effect of Center of Gravity on Muscle Activity and Gait
GAIT DEVIATIONS IN HEMIPARESIS
Primitive Locomotor Patterns
Spatiotemporal Parameters of Hemiparetic Gait
Kinematics of Hemiparetic Gait
Kinetics of Hemiparetic Gait
Dynamic Muscle Activation in Hemiparetic Gait
ENERGY COSTS OF HEMIPARETIC WALKING
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF HEMIPARETIC GAIT
Observational Gait Assessment
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Spasticity Management After Stroke
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW
Identifying Spasticity
Measuring Spasticity
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS
PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS
SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS
COMBINING INTERVENTIONS
TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW
Impaired Motor Control and Tone Changes
Glenohumeral subluxation
Scapular dyskinesis
Spastic shoulder muscles
Soft Tissue Lesions
Impingement syndrome and rotator cuff injury
Bicipital tendinopathy
Adhesive capsulitis
Myofascial pain
Altered Peripheral and Central Nervous Activity
Peripheral nerve entrapment
Complex regional pain syndrome
Central poststroke pain
Central hypersensitivity
TREATMENT OPTIONS
All Causes
Prevention
Straps or slings
Exercise
Specific Causes
Spasticity
Soft tissue lesions
Complex regional pain syndrome
Central poststroke pain
Central hypersensitivity
Emerging Treatment Options
Suprascapular nerve block
Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Poststroke Communication Disorders and Dysphagia
Key points
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
Neural Control
Aphasia
Dysarthria
Apraxia of speech
Diagnosis
Aphasia
Dysarthria
Apraxia of speech
Treatment
Aphasia
Apraxia of speech
Dysarthria
DYSPHAGIA
Neural Control
Diagnosis
Treatment
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery
Key points
INTRODUCTION
PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS IN MOTOR AND SPEECH RECOVERY
Central Nervous System Stimulators (Amphetamines and Methylphenidate)
Dopaminergic Agonists
Selective Serotonergic/Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (Galantamine/Donepezil/Memantine)
Piracetam
Citicoline
Moclobemide: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Lithium
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Robotic Therapy and the Paradox of the Diminishing Number of Degrees of Freedom
Key points
INTRODUCTION: DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
UPPER EXTREMITY ROBOTIC THERAPY: THE TIPPING POINT
RESULTS
COST OUTCOMES
LOWER EXTREMITY ROBOTIC THERAPY: IN ITS INFANCY
DEFINING SUCCESS IN ROBOTIC REHABILITATION
BEYOND THE TIPPING POINT: FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION
THE PARADOX OF THE DIMINISHING NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ADAPTATION
RETENTION
TRAINING
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Integrating Mental Practice with Task-specific Training and Behavioral Supports in Poststroke Rehabilitation
Key points
EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR MENTAL PRACTICE
CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTEGRATING MENTAL PRACTICE INTO CLINICAL ENVIRONMENTS
Mental Practice for Upper Extremity Retraining
The Physical Practice Component
Behavioral support
The Mental Practice Component
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MENTAL PRACTICE RESEARCH AND INTEGRATION
The Window of Mental Practice Administration
Mental Practice Augmented by Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia
Key points
INTRODUCTION
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FUNDAMENTALS
PURPOSES OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR UPPER AND LOWER LIMB REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION MODALITIES FOR UPPER LIMB REHABILITATION
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION MODALITIES FOR LOWER LIMB REHABILITATION
PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN STROKE REHABILITATION
EMERGING DIRECTIONS FOR NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN STROKE REHABILITATION
REFERENCES
Stroke Rehabilitation Using Virtual Environments
Key points
INTRODUCTION
FEATURES FOR MOTOR LEARNING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Effect of Augmented Feedback on Motor Learning
Effect of Virtual Environments on Cortical Networks
Effect of Immersion on Motor Performance
IMPAIRMENTS TARGETED BY VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT INTERVENTIONS
Upper Extremity Is an Area of Focus
Proximal movement: shoulder and elbow
Distal movement: hand, wrist, and fingers
Gait Training with Virtual Environments Have Limited Effect
Balance Interventions Comparable with Conventional Care
Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Are Lacking
Speech Rehabilitation Intervention Options Are Few
Spatial Neglect Is an Area of Need
Proprioception and Sensory Deficits Are Gaining Attention
CURRENT CHALLENGES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Tailoring Brain Stimulation to the Nature of Rehabilitative Therapies in Stroke
Key points
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY UNDERLYING UNILATERAL THERAPY
COMBINING NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION WITH UNILATERAL THERAPY BASED ON THEORY OF UNDERLYING MECHANISMS
LIMITATIONS OF UNILATERAL THERAPIES AND ASSOCIATED NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION APPROACHES
Stroke Population Heterogeneity
Damage in the Affected Hemisphere
Influence of the Unaffected Hemisphere
BILATERAL THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
Mechanisms of Bilateral Movement in Chronic Stroke
Pathways Subserving Potential Benefits of Bilateral Therapies
Spared corticomotor neuronal pool of the affected hemisphere
Direct and indirect ipsilateral corticospinal pathways from the unaffected hemisphere
Importance of Bilateral Therapy for Patients with Greater Impairment
NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION APPROACHES DURING BILATERAL THERAPY
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index

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