Proto Utian Grammar and Dictionary

1 - Abbreviations and conventions [Seite 9]
2 - Author's prologue [Seite 12]
3 - Part 1: Introduction [Seite 19]
3.1 - 1.0. Distribution and classification of Utian (Miwok-Costanoan) languages [Seite 19]
3.1.1 - 1.1. History of Miwok studies [Seite 19]
3.1.2 - 1.2. History of Costanoan classification [Seite 25]
3.1.3 - 1.3. Ramaytush, Tamyen, and Chocheño [Seite 26]
3.1.4 - 1.4. Status of Chalon and Awaswas [Seite 27]
3.1.5 - 1.5. Criteria for classification [Seite 29]
3.1.6 - 1.6. Holtzmann's Law [Seite 30]
3.1.7 - 1.7. Summary [Seite 33]
3.2 - 2.0. Utian linguistics [Seite 33]
3.2.1 - 2.1. Typology and reconstruction [Seite 34]
3.2.2 - 2.2. The Proto Utitan homeland [Seite 35]
3.3 - 3.0. Beyond Utian [Seite 35]
3.3.1 - Map 1: The Miwok linguistic area [Seite 36]
3.3.2 - 3.1. The case for Yok-Utian [Seite 37]
3.3.3 - 3.2. Utian and Yokuts plant and animal terms [Seite 37]
3.3.4 - 3.3. Archaeological evidence [Seite 38]
3.3.5 - 3.4. Linguistic evidence for Yok-Utian [Seite 38]
3.3.6 - Map 2: The Yokuts linguistic area [Seite 39]
3.3.7 - Map 3: The California area [Seite 40]
3.3.7.1 - 3.4.1 Sound correspondences linking Utian and Yokuts [Seite 41]
3.3.7.2 - 3.4.2. Canons, stem types, and relic processes [Seite 44]
3.3.7.3 - 3.4.3. Relic i/a ablaut in Utian and Yokuts [Seite 45]
3.3.7.4 - Table 16: Yokuts family tree [Seite 49]
3.4 - 4.0. Evidence for an Esselen substrate in Utian [Seite 50]
3.4.1 - 4.1. Background and sources [Seite 50]
3.4.2 - 4.2. Probable Esselen phonemic system [Seite 51]
3.4.3 - 4.3. Rumsen historical developments [Seite 52]
3.4.4 - 4.4. Probable loan words from Rumsen into Esselen [Seite 54]
3.4.5 - 4.5. Direction of borrowing between Rumsen and Esselen [Seite 56]
3.4.6 - 4.6. Probable loan words from Esselen into Rumsen, Mutsun, and Chalon [Seite 57]
3.4.7 - 4.7. Substrate influence of Pre-Esselen on Awaswas, SF Bay, and Karkin [Seite 59]
3.4.8 - 4.8. Residue [Seite 60]
3.4.9 - 4.9. Evidence of contact between pre-Esselen and early Miwok [Seite 62]
3.4.10 - 4.10. Phonology [Seite 64]
3.4.11 - 4.11. Phonological implications [Seite 65]
3.4.12 - 4.12. Summary [Seite 65]
3.5 - 5. Future projects [Seite 67]
3.6 - Notes to the Introduction [Seite 68]
3.7 - References [Seite 70]
4 - Part 2: Proto Utian Grammar [Seite 79]
4.1 - 6.0. Phonology [Seite 79]
4.1.1 - 6.1. Major Utian phonological types [Seite 79]
4.1.2 - 6.2. Proto Utian stem types [Seite 81]
4.1.3 - 6.3. The riddle of Rumsen [Seite 82]
4.1.4 - 6.4. Morphophonemes, morphophonemic lengthening, vowel harmony and vowel loss [Seite 85]
4.1.4.1 - 6.4.1. Morphophonemes Y, H [Seite 85]
4.1.4.2 - 6.4.2. Morphophonemic rules [Seite 85]
4.1.4.3 - 6.4.3. Is there epenthesis in Sierra Miwok? [Seite 86]
4.1.4.4 - 6.4.4. Loss with compensatory lengthening [Seite 87]
4.1.4.5 - 6.4.5. Assimilation [Seite 87]
4.1.5 - 6.5. Proto Yokuts phonology [Seite 88]
4.1.5.1 - 6.5.1. Is there epenthesis in Yokuts? [Seite 88]
4.2 - 7.0. Phonological developments and borrowing in Western Miwok [Seite 89]
4.2.1 - 7.1. Sources of Lake Miwok aberrant phonemes [Seite 90]
4.2.2 - Map 4: The Lake Miwok area [Seite 91]
4.2.3 - 7.2. Patwin place names of Miwok origin [Seite 100]
4.2.4 - Map 5: The Wintun area [Seite 101]
4.2.5 - 7.3. Words for recent items [Seite 102]
4.2.6 - 7.4. The development of Proto Miwok phonemes [Seite 102]
4.2.6.1 - 7.4.1. Identities and near-identitites [Seite 103]
4.2.6.2 - 7.4.2. Minor sound changes [Seite 104]
4.2.6.3 - 7.4.3. Development of word-final sibilants in Western Miwok [Seite 111]
4.2.6.4 - 7.4.4. Development of Proto Miwok *y [Seite 114]
4.2.6.5 - 7.4.5. Development of Proto Utian *. [Seite 7.4.5. Development of Proto Utian *.]
- 115 [Seite 115]
4.2.6.6 - 7.4.6. Vowel assimilation [Seite 121]
4.2.6.7 - 7.4.7. Western Miwok -m [Seite 121]
4.3 - 8.0. Phonological developments in Eastern Miwok [Seite 122]
4.3.1 - 8.1. The emergence of //Y// in Proto Eastern Miwok [Seite 123]
4.3.2 - 8.2. Development of PMie *y in Plains Miwok and Saclan [Seite 123]
4.3.3 - 8.3. The emergence of /./ in Sierra Miwok [Seite 8.3. The emergence of /./ in Sierra Miwok]
- 127 [Seite 127]
4.4 - 9.0. The development of Utian sibilants [Seite 130]
4.4.1 - 9.1. The development of sibilants in Miwok [Seite 130]
4.4.2 - 9.2. Costanoan palatalization of PU *k and development of PCo *s [Seite 136]
4.4.3 - 9.3. PCo *. [Seite 9.3. PCo *.]
- 139 [Seite 139]
4.4.4 - 9.4. Proto Utian *s [Seite 140]
4.4.5 - 9.5. Proto Utian *. [Seite 9.5. Proto Utian *.]
- 141 [Seite 141]
4.4.6 - 9.6. Minor sound changes [Seite 143]
4.5 - 10.0. Proto Costanoan segmental phonemes [Seite 145]
4.5.1 - 10.1. Costanoan reflexes of PU *y, PU *. [Seite 10.1. Costanoan reflexes of PU *y, PU *.]
- 145 [Seite 145]
4.5.2 - 10.2. Costanoan reflexes of PU *o, *a [Seite 148]
4.5.3 - 10.3. Relic a/o ablaut [Seite 152]
4.5.4 - 10.4. Ancient Utian stem alternation [Seite 154]
4.6 - 11.0. Stems, quantitative ablaut, and grades [Seite 157]
4.6.1 - 11.1. Proto Utian stems [Seite 157]
4.6.2 - 11.2. The Proto Utian ablaut system [Seite 158]
4.6.3 - 11.3. Morphologically motivated metathesis [Seite 159]
4.6.4 - 11.4. Formation of tri-consonantal stems from longer stems in Eastern Miwok [Seite 164]
4.6.5 - 11.5. Evolution of the Utian ablaut system [Seite 167]
4.7 - 12.0. The origin of Utian metathesis and Eastern Miwok stem types [Seite 170]
4.7.1 - 12.1. Realignment of stems in Costanoan and Western Miwok [Seite 171]
4.7.2 - 12.2. The origin of Eastern Miwok Primary Stems [Seite 173]
4.7.3 - 12.3. The origin of Eastern Miwok derived stems [Seite 174]
4.7.4 - 12.4. The origin of the Eastern Miwok filler consonant /. [Seite 12.4. The origin of the Eastern Miwok filler consonant /.]
/ - 175 [Seite 175]
4.8 - 13.0. Pronouns [Seite 177]
4.8.1 - 13.1. Personal pronouns [Seite 178]
4.8.2 - 13.2. Western Miwok comitative case [Seite 179]
4.8.3 - 13.3. Miwok first person inclusive pronouns [Seite 179]
4.8.4 - 13.4. Development of the dual in Western Miwok [Seite 180]
4.8.5 - 13.5. Additional Proto Utian personal pronouns [Seite 181]
4.8.6 - 13.6. Proto Utian demonstrative pronouns [Seite 188]
4.9 - 14. The Proto Utian case system [Seite 190]
4.10 - 15.0. Proto Utian volitional suffixes [Seite 193]
4.10.1 - 15.1. Etymology of a suffix [Seite 200]
4.11 - 16. Increase in morphological complexity [Seite 201]
4.12 - 17. An "Indo-European" type paradigm in Proto Eastern Miwok [Seite 204]
4.13 - 18.0. Utian kinship terms and the status of women [Seite 208]
4.13.1 - 18.1. Words for 'man', 'woman', and 'person' [Seite 208]
4.13.2 - 18.2. Utian kinship terms [Seite 211]
4.14 - 19. The Utian numeral system [Seite 212]
4.15 - 20. Miwok color terms [Seite 213]
5 - Part 3: Proto Utian Dictionary [Seite 215]
6 - Part 4: English-Utian Dictionary [Seite 511]
7 - Part 5: Mystery Sets [Seite 534]
8 - Author's epilogue [Seite 539]