TABLE of CONTENTS to Viking Language 1 (Introduction and Shortened First Chapters)
INTRODUCTION
Vikings and The Viking Age 22
Sources for the Study of Old Norse 22
The Old Norse Language 24
Norse Speakers at Opposite Ends of the Viking World: Icelanders and the Rus 28
Vikings and History 34
The End of the Viking Age 40
The Norse Alphabet, Spelling, Vowels, and Anglicising Personal Names 41
List of Abbreviations 42
Grammar Index 43
LESSON 1
SAILING WEST TO ICELAND, GREENLAND, AND NORTH AMERICA 47
1.1 Culture - Atlantic Seafaring 47
1.2 Letters þ, ð, o and Spelling 48
1.3 Old Norse, An Inflected Language 48
1.4 Reading - Ingolf Gives Land to Herjolf (Groenlendinga saga) 49
1.5 Pronunciation 50
1.6 Word Frequency - ¿ The 246 Most Frequent Words in the Sagas 50
1.7 Word Frequency Vocabulary - List 1. ¿ Most Frequent Words 51
1.8 Grammar Toolbox. Nouns, Personal Pronouns, Gender, Case, and Declensions 51
1.9 Gender of Nouns and Pronouns - Masculine, Feminine, Neuter 52
1.10 Grammar Toolbox, Case. Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives 52
Exercises 56
READING CHAPTER 1
BLA-BLA-BLA 60
RC 1.1 Greenland and Vinland Discovered, from the Book of the Icelanders 60
RC 1.2 Syntax: Clauses and Sentences 61
RC 1.3 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 61
RC 1.4 Old Norse and Proto-Norse Words (Stems, Roots, Suffixes, and Endings) 62
NORSE SETTLERS IN GREENLAND AND VINLAND 68
2.1 Culture - Norse Greenland 68
2.2 Reading - 'Land-taking' in Greenland (Landnámabók) 69
2.3 Exercise - The Reading Selection from Landnámabók. 70
2.4 Culture - Vinland (Vínland) 70
2.5 Grammar Toolbox. Definite and Indefinite Article 71
2.6 Proper Nouns 71
2.7 Grammar Toolbox. Verbs 72
Exercises 79
