Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Name: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Brand: Academic Press
Price: 87.95 EUR
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Academic Press

Erschienen am 14. Mai 2014

402 Seiten

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978-0-08-095470-7 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Front Cover
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Copyright Page
Contents
Authors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 An Approach to the Subject
1.2 This Text
Questions
References
Chapter 2. The Origin and Early Evolution of the Earth
2.1 The Origin of the Elements
2.2 The Origin of the Solar System
2.3 Condensation
2.4 Accretion of the Planets
2.5 Early Evolution of the Earth
Questions
References
Chapter 3. Evolution and the Biosphere
3.1 Origin and Evolution of Life
3.2 The Machinery of Life
3.3 The Functional Types of Molecules Produced by Living Organisms and Their Biogeochemical Significance
3.4 The Ecological Organization of the Living World
3.5 Overview of Major Biogeochemical Transformations
Questions
References
Chapter 4. Modeling BiogeochemicalCycles
4.1 Introductory Remarks
4.2 Reservoir Models and Cycles: Some Definitions
4.3 Time-scales and Single Reservoir Systems
4.4 Coupled Reservoirs
4.5 Coupled Cycles
4.6 Note on Transport Processes
4.7 Note on Times of Mixing in the Atmosphere and Oceans
Questions
References
Chapter 5. Equilibrium, Rate, and Natural Systems
5.1 Thermodynamics
5.2 Oxidation and Reduction
5.3 Chemical Kinetics
5.4 Non-equilibrium Natural Systems
5.5 Summary
Questions
References
Chapter 6. Tectonic Processes, Continental Freeboard, and the Rate-controlling Step for Continental Denudation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Erosion: A Capsule Summary
6.3 Soils and the local Weathering Environment
6.4 Slope Processes and the Susceptibility of lithologies to Erosion
6.5 landforms, Tectonism, Sea level, and Erosion
6.6 Erosion in Tectonically Active Areas
6.7 Erosion of the Cratons
6.8 The Effects of Transients: Continental Ice Sheets
6.9 Conclusion
Questions
References
Chapter 7. Pedosphere
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Soil Constituents
7.3 Weathering and Soil-forming Processes
7.4 Soil and Biogeochemical Cycles
Questions
References
Chapter 8. Sediments: Their Interaction with Biogeochemical Cycles through Formation and Diagenesis
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Weathering and Formation of Sediments
8.3 The Structure of Sediments
8.4 Physicochemical Processes in Sediments
8.5 Transformation of Organic and Inorganic Material
Questions
References
Chapter 9. The Oceans
9.1 What is the Ocean?
9.2 Ocean Circulation
9.3 Biological Processes
9.4 Chemistry of the Oceans
Questions
References
Chapter 10. The Atmosphere
10.1 Definition
10.2 The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere
10.3 Vertical Motions, Relative Humidity, and Clouds
10.4 The Ozone Layer and the Stratosphere
10.5 Horizontal Motions, Atmospheric Transport, and Dispersion
10.6 Composition
10.7 Atmospheric Water and Cloud Microphysics
10.8 Trace Atmospheric Constituents
10.9 Chemical Interactions of Trace Atmospheric Constituents
10.10 Physical Transformations of Trace Substances in the Atmosphere
10.11 Influence of Atmospheric Composition on Climate
10.12 Chemical Processes and Exchanges at the Lower and Upper Boundaries of the Atmosphere
References
Chapter 11. The Global Carbon Cycle
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Isotopes of Carbon
11.3 The Major Reservoirs of Carbon
11.4 Fluxes of Carbon between Reservoirs
11.5 Models of the Carbon Cycle
11.6 Trends in the Carbon Cycle
References
Chapter 12. The Nitrogen Cycle
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chemistry
12.3 Biological Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds
12.4 Abiotic Processes
12.5 The Global Nitrogen Cycle
Questions
References
Chapter 13. The Sulfur Cycle
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Oxidation States of Sulfur
13.3 Sulfur Reservoirs
13.4 The Atmospheric Cycle of Sulfur
13.5 The Hydrospheric Cycle of Sulfur
Questions
References
Chapter 14. The Phosphorus Cycle
14.1 Occurrence of Phosphorus
14.2 Sub-global Phosphorus Cycles
14.3 The Global Phosphorus Cycle
Questions
References
Chapter 15. Trace Metals
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Metals and Geochemistry
15.3 An Overview of Metal Ion Chemistry
15.4 Observations of Metals in Natural Systems
15.5 Examples of Global Metal Cycling
15.6 Summary
Questions
References
Chapter 16. Human Modification of Global BiogeochemicalCycles
16.1 Global Climate Change
16.2 Acid Precipitation
16.3 Food Production
16.4 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
16.5 Oxidative Capacity of the Global Troposphere
16.6 Life and Biogeochemical Cycles
16.7 Conclusion
References
Glossary
Answers to Questions
Index
International Geophysics Series

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