Radio Wave Propagation

Volume I Technical SurveyPart I Summary Chapter 1. Standard Propagation Introduction Power Transmission Optical Properties of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere The Electromagnetic Field Chapter 2. Elementary Theory Of Nonstandard Propagation Historical Refractive Index Types of M Curves Ray Tracing General Characteristics of Ducts Survey of Waveguide Theory Reflection from Elevated Layers Chapter 3. Meteorological Measurements Introduction Temperature and Humidity Elements The Wired Sonde Refractive Index Measurements Other Meteorological Instruments Representative Observed ¿ Curves Chapter 4. Transmission Experiments British Experiments Experiments at the Eastern Coast of the U. S. Experiments in Northwestern United States and Canada Experiments in the Southwestern United States Experiments at Antigua Angle-of-Arrival Measurements Chapter 5. General Meteorology And Forecasting Introduction Atmospheric Stratification Conditions Over Land Coastal and Maritime Conditions Dynamic Effects World Survey Radar Forecasting Chapter 6. Scattering And Absorption Of Microwaves Absorption and Radar Cross Section Aircraft Targets Ship Targets Absorption and Scattering by Clouds, Fog, Rain, Hail, and SnowPart II Conference Reports On Standard Propagation Chapter 7. A Graphical Method For The Determination Of Standard Coverage Charts Chapter 8. Nomographic Solutions For The Standard Case Chapter 9. Theoretical Analysis Of Errors In Radar Due To Atmospheric Refraction Purpose Procedure Application to Ground Radar Equipments Conclusions Chapter 10. Diffraction Of Radio Waves Over Hills Chapter 11. Siting And Coverage Of Ground Radars Introduction Radar Systems Types of Ground Radar Radar Systems - Tactical Aspects Radar Siting - Technical Aspects Topography of Siting Introduction Maps and Surveys Profiles Orientation Visibility Problems Diffraction of Radio Waves Introduction Wave Propagation Fresnel Zones Reflection from Rough Surfaces - Rayleigh's Criterion Diffraction at Obstacles Fresnel Integrals The Cornu Spiral Straight Edge Diffraction Location of Maxima and Minima The Rectangular Slit Diffraction by a Narrow Obstacle Multiple Slits and Obstacles Limitations of Fresnel's Theory Permanent Echoes Introduction Permanent Echo Diagrams Use of Permanent Echoes in Testing Shielding Prediction of Permanent Echoes Prediction by Profile Method Microwave Permanent Echoes The Calculation of Vertical Coverage Introduction The Vertical Coverage Diagram Flat Earth Lobe Angle Calculations Lobe Angles Corrected for Standard Earth Curvature The General Lobe Angle Formula The Calculation of Lobes Low Site Lobes Lobe Diagrams of Medium Height Sites Shoreline Diffraction Sea Reflection with Diffuse Land Reflection General Formula for the Reflection Area The Modified Antenna Pattern Antenna Patterns Local Terrain Effects Earth Curvature Effect on Lobe Lengths Coefficient of Reflection Divergence Lobe Lengths The General Lobe Formula Calibration and Testing Equipment Tests Signal Measurements Conduct of Test Flights Analysis of Test Data Chapter 12.