Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics

Some definitions. The first Law. The second law - The concept of entropy. The Gibbs and Helmhotz energy functions. Escaping tendency. Partial molar quantities. Change in the Gibbs energy accompanying a chemical transformation. Ideal and non ideal gases and gases mixtures. Ideal and non-ideal solutions. A general expression of the chemical potential. The notion of activity. The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction. The mass action law. Electrochemical cells. The exergy. An outline of statistical thermodynamics. Strategy and postulates in statistical thermodynamics. The canonical ensemble. Expressions of thermodynamic functions resulting from the study of some other ensembles. A come back on the function entropy. Osmotic pressure and membrane equilibria. Chemical Kinetics. Enzymes. A typical biochemical kind of equilibrium: the binding of ligands to macromolecules. Origin and the fate of energy in the biological word. An overview. Some examples of the preceding considerations. Some examples (following)- Informational macromolecules. The steady state of the cell and entropy production.