Abduction, Belief and Context in Dialogue

Name: Abduction, Belief and Context in Dialogue | Studies in computational pragmatics
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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Studies in computational pragmatics

Harry Bunt William Black(Herausgeber*in)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

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Erschienen am 13. November 2000

VII, 471 Seiten

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Abduction, Belief and Context in Dialogue Studies in Computational Pragmatics
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
The ABC of Computational Pragmatics
1 Introduction: general and computational pragmatics
2 Approaches and methods in computational pragmatics
2.1 Understanding and inference
2.2 Abduction
2.3 Reasoning about beliefs
2.4 Context
2.5 Context and communicative action
2.6 Cooperation and rationality
2.7 Underspecification and contextual interpretation
3 Pragmatics in language understanding systems
3.1 First-generation systems
3.2 PHLIQA, TENDUM, SPICOS, and CLE
3.3 TRAINS and Verbmobil
3.4 PLUS and DenK
4 About this book
References
An activity-based approach to pragmatics
1 Purpose
2 Background
2.1 Wittgenstein
2.2 Speech Act Theory
2.3 Conversation Analysis
2.4 Grice
2.5 Dialogue Grammars
2.6 Clark
2.7 Relevance theories
3 An activity based approach to communication and pragmatics
3.1 Multilayered constraints and enablements
4 Motivation, rationality, agency, explanation and understanding
5 The role of activity
6 Basic units of communication
6.1 Sequences of contributions
7 Contribution sequences and dialogue cohesion
7.1 Expressive and evocative aspects of communication
7.2 Obligations in communication
7.3 Evaluation and report
7.4 Interactive communication management
8 Dimensions of relevance
9 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Dialogue pragmatics and context specification
1 Introduction
2 Action-based approaches to language and dialogue
2.1 Speech act theory
2.2 Communicative Activity Analysis
3 Dynamic Interpretation Theory
3.1 Dialogue acts
3.2 Communicative functions
3.3 Understanding and utterance meaning
3.4 Dimensions of context
4 Local context information
4.1 Task-oriented dialogue acts
4.2 Dialogue control acts
4.3 Summing up: what's in local context?
5 Representation of local context
5.1 Local social context
5.2 Local physical/perceptual context
5.3 Local semantic context
5.4 Local cognitive context
5.5 Linguistic context and dialogue memory
5.6 Articulate dialogue control information
5.7 Overall organization of context representations
6 Formalisms for context modelling
6.1 Constructive Type Theory
6.2 Modular Partial Models
6.3 MPMs as representations of information states
6.4 Modular partial models and context modelling
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Pragmatics in language understanding and cognitively motivated architectures
1 Introduction
2 Ways of looking at language
2.1 Linguistic regularities
2.2 Relations between language and the real world
2.3 In search of regularities for different cognitive processes
2.4 Meaning and perception
3 Consequences for system architecture
3.1 Representing and using world knowledge
3.2 CARAMEL-1: reflectivity and control
3.3 'Sketchboard': a memory for subliminal processes
4 Illustrations
4.1 Pragmatics and understanding
4.2 Examples of the use of the Sketchboard model
5 Relating language to consciousness -CARAMEL-2
5.1 Relations to learning and consciousness
5.2 Memory
6 Conclusion
References
Dialogue analysis using layered protocols
1 Introduction
1.1 Dialogues to be analyzed
1.2 Goals, messages, and protocols in LP Theory
1.3 Mutual models and belief structures
2 The structure of a protocol node
2.1 Information sharing within and among protocols
2.2 The General Protocol Grammar (GPG)
2.3 The GPG as a dynamic belief structure
2.4 Dynamic behaviour of the GPG
3 Analysis of information dialogues
3.1 The Alicante dialogue
3.2 The restaurant dialogue
3.3 Analysis of the dialogues: final comment
4 Conclusions
Appendix: The restaurant dialogue
References
Coherence and structure in text and discourse
1 Textual coherence versus discourse structure
1.1 Coherence in text and dialogue
2 Coherence relations
2.1 Definitions of Coherence Relations
2.2 Coherence relations as theoretical concepts
3 Discourse structure
3.1 Discourse segment relations
3.2 The need for multiple relations
3.3 The Parallel-Components Model
4 Discourse operators
4.1 Discourse operators in spoken narrative discourse
4.2 Discourse operators in newspaper articles andcolumns
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Discourse focus tracking
1 Introduction
2 Why is focus worth tracking?
3 What is focus?
3.1 Some terminology
3.2 Are there two kinds of focus?
4 Why is focus tracking hard?
4.1 Why global focus tracking is hard
4.2 Why local focus tracking is hard
5 Treatments of global focus
5.1 Task structure and discourse structure
5.2 Coherence relations
5.3 Attention, intentions and discourse structure
6 Treatments of local focus
6.1 Focus and sentence organization
6.2 Rule-based approaches to local focus
6.3 Sidner's theory
6.4 Centering theory
6.5 Tense as discourse anaphor
7 Cumulative treatments of focus
8 Evaluating treatments of focus
Acknowledgements
References
Speech act theory and epistemic planning
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Rational behaviour and AI planning theory
4 Speech Act Theory
5 Epistemic Planning
6 Conclusions
References
Context and form: declarative or interrogative, that is the question
1 Introduction
2 The function of declarative questions
3 The experiments
3.1 General structure of the dialogues
3.2 The task
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix: Dialogues in Dutch
The doxastic-epistemic force of declarative utterances
1 Introduction
2 Semantics versus pragmatics
3 Logical preliminaries
4 The epistemic force of declarative utterances
4.1 Moore's paradoxes
4.2 Epistemic counterparts of Moore's paradox
4.3 Grice revisited
4.4 Checking the proposal
4.5 Discussion and comparison
5 Extending the proposal
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
A conceptual modelling approach to the implementation of beliefs and intentions
1 Introduction
1.1 Logics of knowledge and belief
1.2 Act-based attitudes models
1.3 User models in dialogue systems
2 Conceptual modelling techniques
2.1 What's in a conceptual model?
2.2 Inheritance hierarchies
2.3 Property modelling
2.4 Assertions
2.5 Situations
3 Attitude modelling
3.1 Components of a conceptual attitudes model
3.2 Modelling agents and their attitudes
3.3 Modelling situations
3.4 Modelling acts
3.5 Augmenting the model with assertions
4 Support for reasoning
4.1 Reasoning for interpretation and generation
4.2 Spoiled for choice?
4.3 Outline of a pragmatics-based reasoning procedure
5 Discussion
5.1 Conceptual models vs. pure logic
5.2 Structure vs. content
5.3 Domain-dependence and symmetry
6 Conclusion and further work
Acknowledgements
References
Abduction and induction: a real distinction?
1 Philosophical background
2 Abduction in Artificial Intelligence
2.1 Charniak and McDermott
2.2 Hobbs: abductive interpretation
2.3 Kenny: practical reasoning
2.4 Reassessment of abduction in Artificial Intelligence
3 Conclusions
References
Laconic discourses and total eclipses: abduction in DICE
1 Introduction
2 Two exemplary problems
2.1 The problem of laconic discourse
2.2 The problem of total eclipses
3 The formal model of implicature
3.1 Temporal constraints and laconic discourse
3.2 Discourse structure
3.3 The rules
3.4 The logic
4 Interpretation by deduction
5 Generation by abduction
5.1 Overview of the process
5.2 Worked examples: push and fall
6 Solar eclipses: abduction in interpretation
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Abductive reasoning with knowledge bases for context modelling
1 Introduction
2 Knowledge representation issues
3 Abduction
3.1 Abductive reasoning
3.2 Uses of abduction
3.3 Updates and integrity constraints checking
4 Integrity recovery and anomaly removal
5 Anomaly removal for dialogue management
5.1 Generation of a system response
5.2 A 'dialogue' example
6 On control and filtering
7 Conclusion
References
Abductive speech act recognition, corporate agents, and the COSMA system
1 Introduction
2 Abduction
3 Speech act recognition
3.1 Linguistic convention in speech act recognition
3.2 A related example
3.3 Fixed expressions
3.4 Convention example
3.5 The rest of recognition
4 Corporate agents and speech acts
5 Disco
5.1 Uniform core formalism
5.2 System architecture
5.3 The logical form
6 COSMA
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
List of Contributors
Index

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