Introduction: Beyond Disunity and Historicism.- "In Order That We Should Not Ourselves Appear to Be Adjusting Our Estimates . to Make Them Fit Some Predetermined Amount".- Ptolemy's Theories of the Latitude of the Planets in the Almagest, Handy Tables, and Planetary Hypotheses.- Alchemy and the Changing Significance of Analysis.- Descartes and the Heart Beat: A Conservative Innovation.- Skating on the Edge: Newton's Investigation of Chromatic Dispersion and Achromatic Prisms and Lenses.- Was Wrong Newton Bad Newton?.- Visual Photometry in the Early 19th Century: A "Good" Science with "Wrong" Measurements.- An Error within a Mistake?.- The Konopinski-Uhlenbeck Theory of ? Decay: Its Proposal and Refutation.