Quotatives

Acknowledgements vii
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
1 Introduction: What's New about the New Quotatives?1
The History of Innovative Quotatives 4
Why? 12
2 You Can Quote Me On That: Defining Quotation 34
Defining Quotation 37
Direct versus Indirect Quotes 55
Why Does itMatter? The Ramifications of Variable Definition64
3 Variation and Change in the Quotative System: The Globalversus the Local 89
Tracing the Global Attestation of Innovative Quotatives 90
Investigating Models of Diffusion 93
Investigating the Global Reality of Innovative Quotatives 97
Putting It All Together 134
4 Quotation across the Generations: A Short History of Speechand Thought Reporting 148
Tracing Quotation in Tyneside English across the Past 60 Years150
Quotations across the Decades: Tracing the Changes in theVariable Grammar 166
How to Create Variability in a Low Entropy System? 183
5 Ideologies and Attitudes to Newcomer Quotatives 198
Don't Sound Stupid, Stop Saying like 198
Language Ideologies: Facts and Fiction 202
Testing Attitudes towards the Innovative Quotatives 207
What Type of Person would use such a Form? Testing Associationswith Personality Traits 210
Where do be like and go come from? Investigating the PerceptualGeographies of Innovative Quotatives 221
Social Perceptions Associated with be like and go 227
Youth Inarticulateness and the Pedagogical Debate 234
6 Lessons Learned from Research on Quotation 245
The Innovative Quotatives: A New, Uniform and Unique Phenomenon?245
The Elephant in the Room: Situating Quotation in LinguisticModularity 251
Tackling Some Illusions 256
Tracing the Present and Future of Quotative Forms 258
Conclusion 270
Appendix 1 Linear Regression Analysis Investigating theConditioning Factors on the Quotative System in the US and the UK278
Appendix 2 Alternative Cross-Tabulations 279
Appendix 3 Social Attitudes Survey 284
Index 295