The United States Congress has designated the 1990's as the "Decade of the Brain" in recognition of the major importance of neurology and the other neurosciences in the health and well-being of Americans. It has been suggested that as many as 20% of all patients seeking medical treatment have neurologic problems, either as the presenting complaint or as an associated condition complicating the primary illness. Thus, it is fitting that Springer-Verlag should acknowledge the prominence of this medical specialty area by devoting an entire volume of the Oklahoma Notes series to neurology and clinical neuroscience. Of course, this text is an outline overview and does not attempt to provide ency clopedic coverage of neurology. (The student desiring a comprehensive review of the field may wish to seek in the library the 50+ volumes in the series Handbook of Clinical Neurology edited by Pierre J. Vinken and George W. Bruyn.) However, the information selected for inclusion in this volume of the Oklahoma Notes series remains true to the goal of the whole series-only materials vital in both the general clinical practice of medicine and to answer questions on the all-important United States Medical Licensing Examination have been incorporated in the text.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4684-0456-2 (9781468404562)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-0456-2
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1. Neurologic Exam and Neurodiagnostic Tests.- History taking.- Neurologic examination.- Lumbar puncture.- Computed tomographic (CT) scans.- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).- Myelography.- Cerebral angiography.- Isotope cisternography.- Electroencephalograpghy.- Electromyography (EMG).- Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) study.- Audiometry.- Evoked potentials.- Neurosonography.- Muscle biopsy.- 2. Stroke.- Terminology.- Lesion localization.- Clues in diagnosis.- Selected stroke syndromes.- Hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke.- Subarachnoid hemorrhage.- Inflammatory diseases of cranial arteries.- Sickle-cell anemia.- Hypoxia.- Border zone infarction.- Aphasia and language disturbances.- 3. Epilepsy and Seizures.- Terminology.- Characteristics of seizures.- Epileptic phenomena.- Anticonvulsants.- Electroencephalogram.- Grand mal epilepsy.- Petit mal epilepsy.- Benign centrotemporal epilepsy.- Neonatal seizures.- West syndrome.- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.- Benign febrile seizures.- Focal motor seizures.- Psychomotor or temporal lobe seizures.- Adult-onset seizures.- Status epilepticus.- 4. Headache and Craniofacial Pain.- Headache.- Head pain.- Migraine.- Cluster headache.- Tension headache.- Sinus headache.- Temporal artertis.- Trigeminal neuralgia.- Post-lumbar puncture headache.- Postconcussion syndrome.- Pseudotumor cerebri.- Headache from meningeal irritation.- 5. Toxic, Metabolic, and Nutritional Diseases.- Alcohol poisoning.- Methanol poisoning.- Ethylene glycol poisoning.- Opiate abuse.- Psychostimulant toxicity.- Lead poisoning.- Arsenic poisoning.- Mercury poisoning.- Vitamin A excess.- Vitamin E deficiency.- Heat stroke.- Hepatic encephalopathy.- Uremia.- Carbon monoxide poisoning.- Hypoglycemic encephalopathy.- Kernicterus.- Acute intermittent porphyria.- 6. Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Dementia.- Treatable dementia.- Normal pressure hydrocephalus.- Depressive pseudodementia.- Vascular dementia.- Multi-infarct dementia.- Lacunar state.- Binswanger's disease.- Neurodegenerative dementia.- Alzheimer's disease.- Pick's disease.- Infectious dementia.- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.- AIDS dementia.- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.- Spinocerebellar degeneration.- 7. Coma and Impaired Consciousness.- Impaired consciousness.- Terms related to coma and altered consciousness.- Evaluation and treatment of coma or altered consciousness.- Herniation syndromes.- Brain death.- 8. Central Nervous System Trauma.- Head trauma.- Missile injuries.- Closed head injury.- Treatment of head injury.- Delayed complications of head injury.- Spinal cord injury.- 9. Peripheral Nervous System Disorders.- Normal peripheral nervous system.- Clinical terminology.- Clinical symptomatology.- Signs.- Electrodiagnostic tests.- Pathophysiology of nerve disease.- Common polyneuropathies.- Motor neuropathies.- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.- Poliomyelitis.- Focal neuropathies, plexopathies, and radiculopathies.- Neuromuscular junction diseases.- Muscle diseases.- 10. Dizziness and Vertigo.- Terminology.- Functional testing of vestibuloacoustic nerve.- Vertiginous disorders.- Hyperventilation syndrome.- Syncope and fainting.- 11. Central Nervous System Neoplasms.- Pathophysiology of symptoms.- Diagnosis of brain tumor.- Glioma.- Medulloblastoma.- Retinoblatoma.- Pineal region tumors.- Pituitary adenoma.- Colloid cyst of third ventricle.- Meningioma.- Neurilemoma.- Hemangioblastoma of cerebellum.- Primary central nervous system lymphoma.- Metastatic tumors.- 12. Movement Disorders.- Diseases of the motor system.- Features of abnormal motor activity.-Parkinson's syndrome.- Huntington's disease.- Wilson's disease.- Cerebellar ataxia.- Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.- 13. Central Nervous System Infections.- Central nervous system infections.- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination.- Bacterial meningitis.- Tuberculous infection.- Brain abscess.- Fungal infection.- Neurosyphilis.- Lyme disease.- Toxoplasmosis.- Cysticerosis.- Rickettsial infection.- Aseptic meningoencephalitis.- Herpes simplex encephalitis.- Poliomyelitis.- Rabies.- Herpes zoster (shingles).- AIDS.- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.- Subacute sclerosing parencephalitis.- Tetanus.- 14. Spinal Column Disease.- Anatomic considerations.- Spinal anomalies.- Visceral diseases.- Inflammatory spine disease.- Spinal infection.- Meningeal irritation.- Intervertebral disc protusion.- Spinal stenosis.- Spinal tumor.- Spinal cord infarction.- Syringomyelia.- Psychogenic pain.- 15. Sleep Disorders.- Sleep disorders.- Normal sleep physiology.- Biologic rhythms.- Parasomnias.- Insomnia.- Narcolepsy.- Sleep apnea.- Circadian rhythm sleep disorders.- 16. Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelination.- Multiple sclerosis.- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.- Acute transverse myelitis.- Central pontine myelinolysis.- 17. Developmental Disorders.- Developmental milestones and signs.- Cerebral palsy.- Congential intrauterine infections.- Mental retardation.- Neurogenetic disorders.- Hydrocephalus and spinal dysraphism.- Anencephaly.- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.- Developmental specific learning disabilities.- Self-Assessment Examination #1.- Self-Assessment Examination #2.- Answers to Self-Assessment Examinations.
