Physical Chemistry and Its Biological Applications

1/States of Matter 1-1 Molecular Picture of Matter 1-2 Phase Diagrams 1-3 Ideal Gases 1-4 Molecular Velocities 1-5 Gaseous Mixtures; Measurement of Gases 1-6 Real Gases 1-7 Continuity of States; Corresponding States 1-8 Intermolecular Forces 1-9 The Hydrogen Bond 1-10 Vapor Pressure 1-11 Surface Tension 1-12 Viscosity 1-13 Structure of Liquids2/Solutions of Nonelectrolytes 2-1 Concentration Scales 2-2 Ideality of Solutions 2-3 Miscible Liquid Pairs 2-4 Solutions of Gases in Liquids 2-5 Liquid Mixtures Showing Limited Solubility 2-6 Distribution of a Solute between Immiscible Solvents 2-7 Colligative Properties-Vapor Pressure Lowering 2-8 Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation 2-9 Osmotic Pressure 2-10 Partial Molar Volume3/Thermodynamics: First Law and Thermochemistry 3-1 Energy, Work, and Heat 3-2 Equivalence of Energy Forms-First Law of Thermodynamics 3-3 Some Isothermal Physical Changes 3-4 Heat Capacity 3-5 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions 3-6 Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis4/Thermodynamics: Second Law and Equilibrium 4-1 The Tendency for Spontaneous Change 4-2 The Entropy and its Meaning 4-3 Entropy Changes in Isothermal Physical Processes 4-4 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions 4-5 Dependence of Entropy on Temperature 4-6 Some Applications of the Entropy Functions; Entropy and Probability 4-7 The Free Energy Function and its Significance 4-8 Chemical Equilibrium 4-9 Effect of Temperature on Free Energy Change and Equilibrium Constant 4-10 Energy Relations in Living Systems 4-11 Thermodynamics of Mixtures5/Solutions of Electrolytes 5-1 Strong and Weak Electrolytes 5-2 The Debye-Hückel Theory; Activity Coefficients of Ions 5-3 Conductance 5-4 Enthalpies of Solution and of Reaction of Ions 5-5 Ionic Hydration and the Lyotropic Series6/Acid-Base Equilibria 6-1 Brönsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases 6-2 Aqueous Solution and the pH Scale 6-3 Weak Electrolyte Equilibria 6-4 Equilibria Involving Several Solutes 6-5 Characterization of Acid-Base Functional Groups 6-6 Amino Acids and Proteins 6-7 Ionic Equilibria in the Blood7/Oxidation-Reduction Equilibria 7-1 Reaction Potentials for Oxidation-Reduction 7-2 Galvanic Cells and Electrode Potentials 7-3 Techniques of Potential Measurement 7-4 Oxidation-Reduction Titrations and Indicators 7-5 Characteristics of Organic Oxidation-Reduction Systems 7-6 Biochemical Oxidation 7-7 Potentiometric Determination of Ion Concentration8/Electromagnetic Radiation and the Structure of Atoms 8-1 Wave Character of Electromagnetic Radiation 8-2 Refraction 8-3 The Superposition Principle and Diffraction 8-4 Polarized Radiation 8-5 The Quantum Nature of Radiation 8-6 The Wave Nature of Material Particles 8-7 The Nuclear Atom 8-8 Atomic Spectra and the Particle Model of the Atom 8-9 Polyelectronic Atoms 8-10 The Wave Model of the Atom9/Bonding and Molecular Spectroscopy 9-1 Ionic and Covalent Bonding 9-2 Bonding in Diatomic Molecules 9-3 Hybrid Orbitals 9-4 Electron Delocalization 9-5 Complexes Formed by Metal Ions 9-6 Vibrations in Diatomic Molecules 9-7 An Overview of Molecular Spectroscopy 9-8 Vibrational Spectra 9-9 Electronic Transitions 9-10 Optical Dispersion10/Kinetics of Chemical Reactions 10-1 Rates and their Measurement 10-2 Kinetics of the Overall Reaction 10-3 Reaction Orders and Rate Constants 10-4 Complex Reactions 10-5 Chain Reactions 10-6 Effect of Temperature on Rate Constant-The Arrhenius Equation 10-7 Transition-State Theory 10-8 Catalysis 10-9 Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions 10-10 Isotope Effects 10-11 Very Rapid Reactions11/Adsorption and Surface Effects 11-1 Energy Relations and Adsorption 11-2 Liquid Surfaces 11-3 Insoluble Films on Liquids 11-4 Solid Adsorbents 11-5 Adsorption of Gases on Solids 11-6 Adsorption from Solution 11-7 Heterogeneous Reactions at Solid Surfaces12/Macromolecules and Molecular Aggregates 12-1 Synthetic and Natural Polymers 12-2