Techniques and Assumptions in Jewish Exegesis before 70 CE

Name: Techniques and Assumptions in Jewish Exegesis before 70 CE
Brand: Mohr Siebeck
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David Instone Brewer(Autor*in)

Mohr Siebeck (Verlag)

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Erschienen im August 2020

XIII, 299 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Titel
Preface
Contents
Foreword
General Introduction
The term "Scribes"
The term "Midrash"
Previous Studies
Origins of the Middoth
Part I: Exegeses in Scribal Traditions
I.1.0 Introduction to Scribal Traditions
I.1.1 Sources of the scribal traditions
I.1.2 Text, Translation and Notes
I.1.3 Analysis of the Traditions
I.1.4 Modes of Exegesis
I.1.4a - Peshat
I.1.4b - Nomological
I.1.4c - Ultra-literal
I.1.4d - Derash
I.1.5 Techniques of Exegesis
I.1.5a - Qal vaHomer
I.1.5b - Gezerah Shavah I
I.1.5c - Gezerah Shavah II
I.1.5d - Heqesh
I.1.5e - Binyan Ab
I.1.5f - Contradiction
I.1.5g - Extension and Limitation
I.1.5h - Unusual Form
I.1.5i - Mashal
I.1.5j - Order
I.1.5k - Wordplay
I.1.5l - No Redundancy
I.1.5m - Precedent
I.1.5n - Reductio ad Absurdum
I.1.5o - Logical Inconsistency
I.1.5p - Pragmatism
I.1.5q - Prophetic Fulfilment
I.1.5r - Symbolism
I.1.5s - Atomisation
I.1.5t - Allegory
I.1.5u - Amalgamation
I.2 Exegeses by Named Authorities
I.2.1 Simeon the Just: The Nazarites
I.2.2 Simeon b.Shetah: Honi the Circler
I.2.3 Simeon b.Shetah & Judah b.Tabai: False witnesses
I.2.4 Simeon b.Shetah & Judah b.Tabai: A single witness
I.2.5 Simeon b.Shetah: King Yannai's feast
I.2.6 Simeon b.Shetah: King Yannai's trial
I.2.7 Shemaiah & Abtalion: "For whose sake?"
I.2.8 Judah b. Durtai: Hagigah on Sabbath
I.2.9 Shammai: The sender is guilty
I.2.10 Shammai: Remember/Keep the Sabbath
I.2.11 Shammai: Sue for peace for three days
I.2.12 Shammai: Besieging on the Sabbath
I.2.13 Hillel: "For three things ..."
I.2.14 Hillel: Itch within baldness
I.2.15 Hillel: Prozbul
I.2.16 Hillel: Corpse within water
I.2.17 Hillel: Time to laugh, weep, scatter, gather
I.2.18 Hillel: Passover on Sabbath
I.2.19 Hillel: Feet lead to the Temple
I.2.20 Hillel: "If we are here, who is here?"
I.2.21 Hillel: A cry from afar
I.2.22 Hillel: Self-abasement exalts
I.2.23 Hillel: Disciple Yohanan b.Zakkai
I.2.24 Hillel & Bar Hé Hé: Forgotten offerings
I.2.25 Hillel & Bar Hé Hé: The righteous and wicked
I.2.26 Ben Bag Bag: Second Tithe purchases
I.2.27 Ben Bag Bag: Tamid examined 4 days
I.2.28 Ben Bag Bag: Redeem only with a lamb
I.2.29 Baba b.Buta: Imprisoned by Herod
I.2.30 Gamaliel I: God jealous of inferiors
I.2.31 Gamaliel I: Do not destroy altars
I.2.32 Gamaliel I: Two Toroth
I.2.33 Simeon b.Gamaliel I: A beautiful woman
I.2.34 Hananiah the Priest: Peace to the Temple
I.2.35 Hananiah the Priest: Peace is great
I.2.36 Hananiah the Priest: Rewards of Torah
I.2.37 Hananiah the Priest: Rulers cast off the yoke
I.2.38 Eliezer b.Hananiah: Diverse Ephahs
I.2.39 Eliezer b.Hananiah: Remember the Sabbath
I.2.40 Judah b.Bathyra: Betrothed eat with priests
I.2.41 Judah b.Bathyra: Undesignated gifts
I.2.42 Judah b.Bathyra: Meal offering in left hand
I.2.43 Judah b.Bathyra: Water libation
I.2.44 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Do not destroy altars
I.2.45 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Two Toroth
I.2.46 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Bitter waters ceased
I.2.47 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Temple door opened
I.2.48 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Vespasian to be King
I.2.49 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Murdering ox stoned
I.2.50 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Total number of Levites
I.2.51 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Valuing the half-shekels
I.3 Exegeses by Pharisees and Sadducees
I.3.1 Eternal rewards
I.3.2 Uncleanness of Scripture
I.3.3 Unbroken stream
I.3.4 Damage by slave or ox
I.3.5 Name of God and ruler
I.3.6 Inheriting granddaughter
I.3.7 Saying the Name before bathing
I.3.8 Atonement Incense
I.3.9 Cleansing the Lamp
I.3.10 Death of false witnesses
I.3.11 Oral and written Torah
I.3.12 Date of Feast of Weeks
I.3.13 Eat meal offering with ox
I.3.14 Payment for public offerings
I.3.15 Skins for Tefillin
I.3.16 The Temple Court cries out
I.4 Exegeses by Beth Hillel and Beth Shammai
I.4.1 Examine Phylacteries
I.4.2 Using entrusted goods
I.4.3 Between the evenings
I.4.4 Work finished by Sabbath
I.4.5 81st day abortion
I.4.6 4th year grape gleanings
I.4.7 Pilgrim offering on Festival (a)
I.4.8 Guarded Sabbatical crop
I.4.9 Fringes
I.4.10 First fleece of a flock
I.4.11 Reasons for a divorce
I.4.12 Attitude for Shema
I.4.13 Incorrect heave offerings
I.4.14 Who goes up to Jerusalem
I.4.15 Minimum number of children
I.4.16 Half-bondservant
I.4.17 Eternity for nearly righteous
I.4.18 Tassels on linen coat
I.4.19 Blessing for lights
I.4.20 Honour Sabbath every day
I.4.21 Pilgrim offering on Festival (b)
I.4.22 The order of creation
I.4.23 Complimenting the bride
I.4.24 Offering from harlots' wages
I.4.25 "Dust" to cover blood
I.4.26 "Lamb" as sin
I.5 Techniques in Scribal Exegesis
I.5.1 Frequencies of Modes and Techniques used
I.5.2 Comparison between different groups
I.5.3 Conclusion: a homogeneous corpus of exegeses
I.6 Assumptions in Scribal Exegesis
I.6.1 The Nomological approach to Scripture
I.6.2 Five assumptions in scribal exegeses:
I.6.2.1 - Scripture is totally self-consistent
I.6.2.2 - Every detail in Scripture is significant
I.6.2.3 - Scripture is read according to its context
I.6.2.4 - Scripture does not have a secondary meaning
I.6.2.5 - There is only one valid text form of Scripture
I.6.3 Conclusions: Scribal exegesis is Nomological
I.7 Comparison of Scribal with Rabbinic Exegesis
I.7.1 Texts removed from context
I.7.2 Multiple interpretations of single texts
I.7.3 Exegesis based on variant or altered readings
Part II: Exegesis in Non-Scribal Traditions
II.1 Introduction to Non-Scribal Exegesis
II.2 Exegesis in Ancient Texts and Translations
II.2.1 Masoretic Text
II.2.2 Targumim
II.2.3 Septuagint and Old Greek
II.3 Exegesis of the Dorshe Reshumot and Dorshe Hamurot
II.4 Exegesis in Josephus
II.4.1 Sources of his traditions
II.4.2 Influence of his background
II.4.3 Attitude towards Scripture
II.4.4 Techniques of Exegesis
II.4.4a - Etymology
II.4.4b - Allegory
II.4.4c - Typology
II.5 Exegesis at Qumran
II.5.1 Dating the documents
II.5.2 Techniques of Exegesis
II.5.2a - Brownlee's 13 'principles'
II.5.2b - An example
II.5.3 Origin of the exegetical techniques
II.5.3a - Apocalyptic dream interpretations
II.5.3b - Targumim
II.5.3c - Philo
II.5.3d - Scribes
II.5.4 Assumptions underlying exegesis
II.5.4a - Scripture requires inspired exegesis
II.5.4b - Scripture has no single valid text form
II.5.5 Conclusions: Qumran exegesis is Inspirational
II.6 Exegesis in Philo
II.6.1 Techniques of exegesis
II.6.1a - Siegfried's 23 'Rules'
II.6.1b - Allegory
II.6.1c - An example
II.6.2 Origins of the exegetical techniques
II.6.2a - Jewish influence:
II.6.2a.i - Did Philo know Hebrew?
II.6.2a.ii - Did Philo know Palestinian Halakah?
II.6.2a.iii - Did Philo know Palestinian Haggadah?
II.6.2b - Hellenistic influence
II.6.2c - Sources used by Philo
II.6.2c.i - Therapeutae and Essenes
II.6.2c.ii - Aristobulus and Aristeas
II.6.2c.iii - Allegorists and literalists
II.6.2c.iv - Etymological source
II.6.2c.v - Other sources
II.6.3 Assumptions underlying exegesis
II.6.3a - Scripture requires inspired exegesis
II.6.3b - The Septuagint is a valid form of Scripture
II.6.4 Conclusions: Philonic exegesis is Inspirational
II.7 Techniques and Assumptions in Non-scribal Exegesis
II.7.1 The Inspirational approach has five assumptions:
II.7.1.1&2 Every detail is consistent and significant
II.7.1.3 Scripture may be interpreted contrary to context
II.7.1.4 Scripture has secondary meanings
II.7.1.5 Variant texts and translations are inspired
II.7.2 Dorshe Reshumot /Hamurot and Josephus
II.7.3 Apocalyptic literature
II.7.4 Samaritan literature
II.7.5 Ancient texts and translations
II.7.6 Conclusion: Non-scribal exegesis is Inspirational
II.8 Comparison of Non-scribal with Scribal Exegesis
II.8.1 Reasons for scribal rejection of inspired exegesis
II.8.1.1 - Their opponents demanded it?
II.8.1.2 - They were ignorant of non-scribal techniques?
II.8.1.2a - No: they knew different texts and translations
II.8.1.2b - They knew about prophetic inspiration
II.8.2 Non-scribes also knew about Nomological exegesis
II.8.3 Both approaches were coherent and could co-exist
II.8.4 Typology at the interface of both approaches
II.8.5 Conclusions: Co-existed before 70 CE
III Conclusions
III.1 Summary of this study
III.2 Points of contact with previous studies
III.3 Implications of this study
III.4 Final conclusion
Appendix 1: Lists of Middoth
Ap.1.1 7 Middoth of Hillel
Ap.1.2 13 Middoth of Ishmael
Ap.1.3 32 Middoth of Eliezer bJose haGelili
Appendix 2: Summary of Scribal Exegeses
Bibliography & Abbreviations
Bib.1 Standard texts transcribed
Bib.2 Abbreviations
Bib.3 Works referred to in this study
- Texts and Translations
- Other works referred to
Indexes
Index of Subjects
Index of Modern Authors
Index of References

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