Financial Cryptography and Data Security

Name: Financial Cryptography and Data Security | FC 2015 International Workshops, BITCOIN, WAHC, and Wearable, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers
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FC 2015 International Workshops, BITCOIN, WAHC, and Wearable, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January 30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers

Michael Brenner Nicolas Christin Benjamin Johnson Kurt Rohloff(Herausgeber*in)

Springer (Verlag)

Erschienen am 4. September 2015

XII, 309 Seiten

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978-3-662-48051-9 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
BITCOIN 2015: Second Workshop on Bitcoin Research
WAHC 2015: Third Workshop on Encrypted Computing and Applied Homomorphic Cryptography
Wearable 2015: First Workshop on Wearable Security and Privacy
Contents
On the Malleability of Bitcoin Transactions
1 Introduction
1.1 Possible Fixes to the Bitcoin Malleability Problem
1.2 Our Contribution
1.3 Ethical Issues
2 Bitcoin Description
3 Experiments
4 Malleability in Bitcoin Contracts
4.1 The Deposit Protocol
4.2 Other Protocols Vulnerable to the Malleability Attack
5 Our Technique
5.1 Bitcoin-Based Timed Commitment Scheme
5.2 The Details of Our Method
References
Trends, Tips, Tolls: A Longitudinal Study of Bitcoin Transaction Fees
1 Introduction
2 Background and Research Questions
3 Data and Method
4 Results
4.1 Trends: Descriptive Analysis
4.2 Tips: Explaining the Decision to Offer a Fee
4.3 Tolls: Mining Pools as Gatekeepers
5 Discussion
6 Concluding Remarks
References
ZombieCoin: Powering Next-Generation Botnets with Bitcoin
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Botnet C&C Mechanisms
2.2 Bitcoin
3 ZombieCoin
3.1 Inserting C&C Instructions in Transactions
4 Proof of Concept
5 Discussion
6 Prior Work
7 Conclusion
References
Cuckoo Cycle: A Memory Bound Graph-Theoretic Proof-of-Work
1 Introduction
2 Motivation
3 Graph-Theoretic Proofs-of-work
4 Cuckoo Cycle
5 Cuckoo Hashing
6 Cycle Detection in Cuckoo Cycle
7 Union-Find
8 Cuckoo Cycle Basic Algorithm
9 Difficulty Control
10 Edge Trimming
11 Time-Memory Trade-Offs (TMTOs)
12 Choice of Cycle Length
13 Parallelization
14 Choice of Graph Size
15 Dynamic Sizing
16 Conclusion
References
When Bitcoin Mining Pools Run Dry
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Model
3.1 Overview
3.2 Players
3.3 Choices
3.4 Consequences
4 Model Analysis
4.1 Steady-State Pool Sizes
4.2 Steady-State Pool Utilities
4.3 Peaceful Equilibria
4.4 One-Sided Attack Equilibria
5 Numerical Illustrations
5.1 The Peaceful Equilibrium
5.2 One-Sided Attack Equilibria
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Issues in Designing a Bitcoin-like Community Currency
Abstract
1 Background
1.1 Cryptocurrencies
2 Community Cryptocurrency Features
2.1 Mining
2.2 Geofencing
2.3 Privileged Transactions
2.4 Demurrage
2.5 The Community Loan Fund
2.5.1 Adding to the Community Fund
2.5.2 Disbursing from the Community Fund
3 Challenges with a Cryptocurrency Community Fund
3.1 Identity
3.2 Voting
3.3 Loan Regulation
4 Vulnerability Assessment
4.1 STRIDE Framework
4.2 The Vulnerability Matrix
4.3 Mitigations
5 Conclusion and Future Research
References
The Bitcoin Market Potential Index
References
Cryptographic Currencies from a Tech-Policy Perspective: Policy Issues and Technical Directions
1 Introduction
2 Our Process
3 Background: Bitcoin and Crypto Currencies
4 Analysis of Relevant Legal Contexts
5 Tech-Policy Issues for Crypto Currencies
5.1 Where Is the Money?
5.2 What About Anonymity and Pseudonymity?
5.3 What Happens as the World Evolves?
6 Conclusion
References
Blindcoin: Blinded, Accountable Mixes for Bitcoin
1 Introduction
1.1 Mixing Services
1.2 Current Bitcoin Mixing Services
1.3 Our Contribution
2 Background
2.1 Mixcoin Summary
2.2 Blind Signatures
3 Blindcoin Description
3.1 Model
3.2 Protocol
4 Analysis
4.1 Properties
4.2 Overheads
5 Conclusion
References
Privacy-Enhancing Overlays in Bitcoin
1 Introduction
2 Definitions and Notation
2.1 Distributed Electronic Cash
2.2 Coinjoin
2.3 Taint Resistance
3 Achieving Taint Resistance
3.1 Using a Trusted Server
3.2 Reducing Trust in the Central Server
3.3 Removing the Central Server
4 Experimental Analysis
4.1 Auxiliary Information Based on Value
5 Related Work
6 Conclusions and Open Problems
References
Search-and-Compute on Encrypted Data
1 Introduction
1.1 Our Results
1.2 A High-Level Overview of Our Approach
1.3 Closely Related Work
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The BGV-Type SWHE Scheme
2.2 Security Model
3 Circuit Primitives
3.1 Equality Circuit
3.2 Greater-than Comparison Circuit
3.3 Integer Addition Circuit
4 Search-and-Compute on Encrypted Data
4.1 General-Purpose Search-and-Compute
4.2 Applications to Encrypted Databases
5 Performance Improvements
5.1 Larger Message Spaces with Lazy Carry Processing
5.2 Calibrating Circuit Primitives
6 Experimental Results
6.1 Adjusting the Parameters
6.2 Experiments for Search
6.3 Experiments for Search-and-Sum
References
Accelerating SWHE Based PIRs Using GPUs
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 GPU Implementation
4 Performance
References
Combining Secret Sharing and Garbled Circuits for Efficient Private IEEE 754 Floating-Point Computations
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Combining Garbled Circuits with Secret Sharing
3.1 An Implementation of the Hybrid Protocol
3.2 Security of the Hybrid Protocol
4 Using the Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Computations
4.1 Circuits for IEEE 754 Primitives
4.2 Performance Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Cryptanalysis of a (Somewhat) Additively Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Used in PIR
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Trostle and Parrish's SHE Scheme
2.2 Applications to PIR
2.3 The Orthogonal Lattice
3 Breaking the One-Wayness of the Scheme
3.1 Overview
3.2 Applying Orthogonal Lattice Techniques
3.3 Larger Message Space
4 Implementation of the Attack
4.1 Attack Summary
4.2 Experimental Results
References
Homomorphic Computation of Edit Distance
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Homomorphic Encryption
2.2 Edit Distance
3 Circuit Building Blocks
3.1 Equality Circuit
3.2 Comparison Circuit
3.3 Addition Circuits
4 Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.1 Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.2 Performance Analysis of Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
4.3 Optimization of Encrypted Edit Distance Algorithm
5 Implementation and Discussions
5.1 Estimates
5.2 Experimental Result
6 Conclusion
References
HEtest: A Homomorphic Encryption Testing Framework
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Homomorphic Encryption and HElib
3 Test Data
3.1 Generation Parameters
3.2 Circuit and Input Generation
3.3 Test Suite Representation
3.4 SQLite Database
4 The Test Framework
4.1 The Test Harness
4.2 The Baseline
5 Report Generation
6 Experimental Results
6.1 Experimental Setup
6.2 Real-World Applicability
6.3 Parameters Tested
6.4 Overview of Results
6.5 Key Generation
6.6 Circuit Ingestion
6.7 Encryption and Decryption
6.8 Homomorphic Evaluation
6.9 Evaluation Time by Gate Type
7 Conclusion
References
Users' Privacy Concerns About Wearables
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing
2.2 Privacy in Mobile Devices
2.3 Privacy in Wearable Devices
2.4 Users' Perspectives on Privacy
3 Methods
3.1 IRB Approval
3.2 Data Selection, Extraction and Analysis
3.3 Devices, Online Data Sources and Figures
4 Identifying User Privacy Concerns for Wearable Technologies
4.1 Privacy Concerns for Wrist-Mounted Devices
4.1.1 General Social Implications: Unawareness
4.1.2 Right to Forget
4.1.3 Implications of Location Disclosure
4.1.4 Discrete Display of Confidential Information: Non-Disclosure
4.1.5 Lack of Access Control
4.1.6 Users' Fears: Surveillance and Sousveillance
4.2 Privacy Concerns for Head-Mounted Devices
4.2.1 Speech Disclosure
4.2.2 Surveillance, Sousveillance and Criminal Abuse
4.2.3 Surreptitious Audio and Video Recording: Unawareness
4.2.4 Surveillance, Sousveillance and Social Implications: Unawareness
4.2.5 Facial Recognition: Identifiability
4.2.6 Automatic Synchronization with Social Media: Linkability
4.2.7 Visual Occlusion: Non-Disclosure
4.3 Privacy Concerns Across Form Factors
5 Discussion
5.1 Limitations
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
On Vulnerabilities of the Security Association in the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
1 Introduction
2 Security Structure of the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
3 Key Agreement Protocols in the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard
4 Security Problems
4.1 Protocol I
4.2 Protocol II
4.3 Protocol III
4.4 Protocol IV
5 Conclusion
References
Visual Cryptography and Obfuscation: A Use-Case for Decrypting and Deobfuscating Information Using Augmented Reality
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Visual Cryptography
3.1 Original Version
3.2 Modified Version
3.3 Using a Seven-Segment Display
4 Visual Obfuscation
4.1 Digit Representation
4.2 Analysis of 2-Way Partitioning
4.3 Optimizing the Partitioning
4.4 Analysis of 4-Bar Shape
4.5 Analysis of 3-Way Partitioning
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Ok Glass, Leave Me Alone: Towards a Systematization of Privacy Enhancing Technologies for Wearable Computing
1 Introduction
2 Properties
3 Systematization of Privacy Enhancing Technologies
4 Conclusion and Work in Progress
References
Design and Analysis of Shoulder Surfing Resistant PIN Based Authentication Mechanisms on Google Glass
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Authentication Mechanisms
3.1 Voice-Based PIN (VBP) Authentication
3.2 Touch-Based PIN (TBP) Authentication
4 User Study
4.1 Participants
4.2 User Study Design
4.3 Questionnaire
5 Results
5.1 Login Success Rate
5.2 Authentication Time
5.3 Usability and Security Study
5.4 Overall User Experience
5.5 Context Dependent Preference Study
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Glass OTP: Secure and Convenient User Authentication on Google Glass
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Options for User Authentication on Glass
3 Glass OTP
3.1 Private Key and OTP Generation
3.2 Initial Setup Procedure
3.3 Unlocking the Glass
4 Security and Usability Analysis
5 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Author Index

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