Sedimentary Crisis at the Global Scale 2

Name: Sedimentary Crisis at the Global Scale 2 | Deltas, A Major Environmental Crisis
Brand: Wiley
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Deltas, A Major Environmental Crisis

Jean-Paul Bravard(Autor*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 4. März 2019

240 Seiten

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978-1-119-59760-5 (ISBN)

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Beschreibung

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Inhalt

Cover
Half-Title Page
Dedication
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgments
1. Deltas: Young, Fragile and Threatened Environments
1.1. Long-term construction of deltas: general mechanisms
1.1.1. Processes and basic forms
1.1.2. Dynamics of construction and redistribution in progress
1.1.3. Young and unstable areas
1.2. Some of the Earth's last great natural deltas: two deltas in the Arctic
1.2.1. The Lena Delta
1.2.2. The Mackenzie Delta
1.3. The Earth's deltas: what is their current situation in the face of terrestrial and marine constraints?
1.3.1. The rise in sea levels
1.3.2. Sedimentary exhaustion of continents
1.3.3. Extraction of resources and accelerated subsidence of deltas
1.4. Subsiding deltas in Southeast Asia
1.4.1. An example of a young, mainly rural delta, the Huang-He
1.4.2. Urbanized deltas in Southeast Asia
1.5. Conclusion
2. Old Societies and Deltaic Crises
2.1. Some vulnerable deltas in the Holocene during the long and medium terms
2.1.1. The Nile Delta, a condensed version of the history of the African climate
2.1.2. The lower Huang-He and its delta: a Holocene metamorphosis under anthropological control
2.1.3. The Rhône Delta during the Holocene: fluvial branches and the coastline record the history of its climate and society
2.2. The Rhine and the Meuse Deltas: from complete control of fluvial and marine waters to attempts at restoration to a natural state
2.2.1. The fight against fluvial floods
2.2.2. Hydraulic works and environmental objectives in the dyked zone
2.2.3. What kind of compatibility or synergy takes place between fluvial restoration and protection against flooding?
2.2.4. Defense of the Netherlands against the sea
2.3. Contemporary imbalances in the Old World
2.3.1. A delta with a reprieve: the Nile Delta
2.3.2. The Rhône Delta: changes in the basin and the delta
2.3.3. The Ebro Delta: alone against the sea
2.3.4. The delta of the Po plain: historical dispersion of weak points
2.3.5. The Danube Delta: still room for hope
2.4. Conclusion
3. Tropical Deltas in Crisis, Between Open and Closed Formations
3.1. A delta that is both open and alive: the Ganges and Brahmaputra Delta
3.1.1. Rivers and a delta
3.1.2. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna plain, the most populated and the poorest on Earth
3.2. The Mekong Delta in a suspended status
3.2.1. A technical machine, constantly more complex
3.2.2. Extremely worrying emerging factors
3.2.3. What will be the management choices in the future? Giving preference to the scale of the basin
3.3. The Niger Delta: unlimited exploitation of black gold
3.3.1. The deltaic zone
3.3.2. The effects of the extraction of hydrocarbons on the environment
3.3.3. Serious social and political stakes at play
3.4. The Indus Delta, dramatically dried out
3.4.1. The delta and its coast
3.4.2. The deleterious effects of dams on water and sediment fluxes
3.4.3. A serious environmental, economic and social crisis
3.5. The Ayeyarwady, initial symptoms of imbalance?
3.5.1. Burma, a country on the cusp of development
3.5.2. The Ayeyarwady, an enormous conveyor belt
3.5.3. The delta: crisis or stability?
3.6. Conclusion
4. The Aging Delta of a Country in the New World, the Mississippi
4.1. New Orleans: an "inevitable city on an impossible site"
4.1.1. "Discovering" the river
4.1.2. At the origins of New Orleans
4.1.3. An area with serious issues at stake
4.2. Floods and protection of the lower Mississippi valley and the delta since 1717
4.2.1. Initial protections
4.2.2. The beginning of generalized protections
4.2.3. The 1927 flood in the Mississippi valley
4.2.4. The Jadwin plan (1928)
4.2.5. Current protection elements
4.3. The "deltas" in the lower Mississippi valley, from wilderness to the current crisis
4.4. The Mississippi Delta stricto sensu: a natural zone in crisis
4.4.1. Flow and landscape dynamics
4.4.2. The Atchafalaya and its deltaic lobes
4.4.3. The conversion of delta marshes into free water and coastal regression
4.5. Hurricanes and their effects on the Mississippi Delta
4.5.1. Hurricane Katrina
4.5.2. What does the future hold for New Orleans?
4.6. Sediments in the Mississippi and equilibrium of the delta
4.6.1. Simply a reduction in inputs or a sediment deficit?
4.6.2. The rise in sea levels and climate change
4.6.3. Reconstruction of the marshes
4.6.4. Sedimentary management of deltaic branches and the future of the marshes
4.6.5. Coastal protection plan
4.7. Conclusion
5. What Strategies Can Help Overcome the Delta Crisis?
5.1. Delta dynamics: contrasting budgets on a global scale
5.1.1. The progress of analytical approaches adds complexity to the understanding of deltas on a global scale
5.1.2. The unforeseen effects of scientific choices
5.1.3. Open, vulnerable systems
5.2. Some control logic for rivers and deltas
5.2.1. Situations involving crises and knowledge
5.2.2. Contemporary hydraulic engineering pitted against the dynamics of economic domination
5.2.3. Scientific knowledge at the service of policies on rivers and on their deltas: the case of the Mekong
5.2.4. Avatars and tribulations of geopolitics
5.2.5. Expert appraisal and conquest of engineering markets on deltaic land
5.3. What sustainability is there for deltas in the 21st Century? Comparative approaches
5.3.1. The typology of deltas as a function of the changes expected in the risk profile
5.3.2. Typology of deltas as a function of their energy consumption
5.3.3. The degree of vulnerability or the relative vulnerability of deltas to current changes
5.3.4. The notion of the tipping point of a delta and of the socioeconomic system
5.4. Actions at the scale of the continental fluvial system to rebalance the deltaic systems
5.4.1. Implementation of actions of sedimentary management
5.4.2. Establishment of current and future sediment budgets
5.5. The actions developed in the deltaic system in response to crisis situations
5.5.1. Structural solutions: dykes and fluvial levees
5.5.2. Some solutions for correction of the sedimentary deficit of deltaic plains
5.5.3. The sustainable solutions
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Index of Place Names
Index of Common Words
Other titles from iSTE
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