Development of Visceral Smooth Muscles.- 1 Early Appearance of Smooth Muscles.- 2 Timing of Smooth Muscle Development.- 3 Morphology of Developing Smooth Muscles.- 4 Cytological Differentiation.- 5 Chemical Differentiation.- 6 Growth of Visceral Smooth Muscles.- 7 Cell Division and Increase in Cell Number.- 8 Extracellular Materials and Vascularization.- 9 Origin of Smooth Muscle Precursors.- 10 Influence of Endothelium, Epithelium, Connective Tissue and Nerves on Smooth Muscle Development.- 11 Development of Mechanical Activity.- 12 Related Processes of Development and Growth.- 13 Synopsis.- References.- Mammalian Smooth Muscle Differentiation: Origins, Markers and Transcriptional Control.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Smooth Muscle Cell Ontogeny.- 3 Molecular Definitions of Smooth Muscle Cell Lineages.- 4 Future Perspectives.- References.- The Genetics of Murine Skeletal Muscle Biogenesis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Restriction of Cell Fate and Views on Cell Determination.- 3 The Somite Is a Source of Multiple Cell Types.- 4 The Acquisition of Cell Fate in the Somite: Myf5 and Myod Confer Skeletal Muscle Identity.- 5 Subpopulations of Stem Cells Migrate from the Somite to the Limb.- 6 Extrinsic Factors Direct Cell Identity in the Somite.- 7 Manipulations of the Myf5 Locus and Distal Rib Phenotypes: the Complexities of Gene Regulation.- 8 Conclusions.- References.- Somite Patterning: a Few More Pieces of the Puzzle.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Segmental Plate Morphology.- 3 Somite Differentiation.- 4 Tissue and Molecular Regulation of Somite Differentiation.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- Transcription Factors in Skeletal Myogenesis of Vertebrates.- 1 Myogenesis.- 2 Determination and Differentiation of Muscle Precursor Cells.- 3 Hypaxial Muscle Development.- 4 Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle.- 5 Perspectives.- References.- Hypaxial Muscle Development.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Developmental Anatomy of Trunk Skeletal Muscles in Amniotes.- 3 Markers for Hypaxial Muscle Precursors.- 4 Specification of Hypaxial Muscle Precursors.- 5 Specification of Migratory Muscle Precursors.- 6 Building a Regulatory Network for Hypaxial Muscle Development.- References.- Inhibition of Skeletal Muscle Development: Less Differentiation Gives More Muscle.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Secreted Signalling Molecules.- 3 Extracellular Matrix.- 4 Transcription Factors.- 5 Summary.- References.- Control of Muscle Size During Embryonic, Fetal, and Adult Life.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Somite Patterning and Specification of Myogenic Cells.- 3 Allocation of Cells to the Dorsal Somite Compartment.- 4 Migration of Muscle Precursor Cells.- 5 Balance Between Proliferation and Differentiation.- 6 Muscle Growth in the Embryonic, Fetal, and Neonatal Periods of Development.- 7 Embryonic and Fetal Muscle Fibers.- 8 Embryonic, Fetal, and Adult Myoblasts.- 9 Number of Embryonic and Fetal Myoblasts and Fiber Formation.- 10 Innervation and Muscle Fiber Number and Size.- 11 Muscle Hypertrophy and Regeneration.- 12 Programmed Cell Death During Muscle Development.- 13 Recruitment of Myogenic Cells from Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells.- References.- Cadherins in Skeletal Muscle Development.- 1 Cadherins.- 2 Cadherins in Myogenesis.- 3 Summary and Outlook.- References.- Slow Myosins in Muscle Development.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Myosin Heavy Chain Genes.- 3 Slow Myosin Heavy Chain Genes in Avian Skeletal Muscle.- 4 Slow Myosin Heavy Chain Genes in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle.- 5 Slow MyHC Genes in Fish Skeletal Muscle.- 6 Hedgehog Family of Signaling Molecules and Slow Myosin Expression in Skeletal Muscle Development.- 7 Innervationand Calcineurin Responsive Pathways and the Control of Slow MyHC Expression in Skeletal Muscle.- 8 Slow MyHC Expression in the Developing Heart.- 9 Summary.- References.- Molecular Characterization of Early Cardiac Development.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Molecular Control of Heart Field and Tubular Heart Formation.- 3 Molecular Control of Cardiac Chamber Formation.- References.
