Nuclear Acoustic Resonance

Preface1 Introduction 1.1 What is Nuclear Acoustic Resonance? 1.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1.3 Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Effects 1.4 Line Width Effects 1.5 Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation 1.6 Interaction of Acoustic Waves with Nuclear Spins 1.7 Acoustic Saturation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1.8 Nuclear Acoustic Resonance 1.9 Historical Note References2 Basic Theory 2.1 Elastic Waves in Solids 2.2 Nuclear Spin Interactions 2.3 Nuclear Spin-Phonon Interactions: Fermi Golden Rule Approach 2.4 NAR Absorption and NAR Dispersion: Müller Approach References3 Dynamic Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Interactions 3.1 Multipole Expansions Using Spherical Tensors: The Aim Irreducible Tensor Operators 3.2 Nuclear Electrostatic Multipole Interactions 3.3 Dynamic Electric Quadrupole Interaction 3.4 Electric Field Gradient: Symmetry Considerations and the S-Tensor 3.5 Fedders' Calculation of Absorption and Dispersion 3.6 Application. NAR in Noncubic Metallic Rhenium: Pure Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Resonance 3.7 Dynamic Nuclear Electric Hexadecapole Interaction 3.8 Is the Hexadecapole Interaction (HDI) Observable by NAR Techniques? 3.9 Dynamic Magnetic Dipole-Dipole Interaction 3.10 Additional Mechanisms for Multipole Quantum Transitions References4 Dynamic Alpher-Rubin (Dipolar) Interaction 4.1 Nature of the Coupling 4.2 Classical Derivation of Dipolar NAR Absorption and Dispersion: I. Method of Quinn-Buttet-Fedders 4.3 Classical Derivation of Dipolar NAR Absorption and Dispersion: II. Method of Müller 4.4 Experimental Verification in Metals 4.5 The 'Low Temperature' Limit 4.6 NAR Absorption and Dispersion: Quantum Mechanical Approach 4.7 Influence of Electronic Band Structure References5 Line Broadening and Relaxation Effects 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Method of Moments Applied to NAR1 and NAR2 5.3 Generalized Bloch Equations 5.4 Quadrupole-Split High Field Case: Hamiltonian, Energy Levels, Transitions 5.5 Line Shape of the Quadrupole-Split High Field Line: Intraspin Cross Relaxation 5.6 Spin Relaxation by Dynamic Quadrupole Interaction 5.7 Dipolar and Quadrupolar Exchange Contributions to NAR Line Shapes 5.8 Relaxation by the Intrinsic Direct Process in Van Vleck Paramagnets References6 Bonding in Insulators, Semiconductors and Metals: Strain-Electric Field Gradient Tensors 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Ionic and Covalent Effects in Insulators: The Sternheimer Antishielding Factor 6.3 Semiconductors 6.4 Antishielding in Metals References7 Experimental Techniques 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Continuous Wave Ultrasonics: Propagating Wave Model 7.3 CW Spectrometers 7.4 Signal Calibration 7.5 Transient NAR Techniques 7.6 The Composite Resonator 7.7 Application: NAR in Rhenium 7.8 Application: Experimental Search for the Dynamic Nuclear Hexadecapole Interaction References8 Acoustic Saturation NMR and Double Resonance 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Acoustic Saturation of NMR 8.3 Continuous Wave ASNMR 8.4 Transient ASNMR 8.5 Double Acoustic-Magnetic Resonance References9 Magnetic Materials 9.1 NAR in Antiferromagnetic Insulators 9.2 NAR in Ferromagnets 9.3 Enhanced Nuclear Acoustic Resonance 9.4 Effect of Demagnetization on NAR Line Shapes in Bulk Metals References10 Squid Detection of Nuclear Acoustic Resonance 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The Squid Acoustomagnetic Effect 10.3 The Squid Acoustomagnetic Spectrometer 10.4 Detection of Acoustic Composite Resonator Responses 10.5 Nuclear Spin-Phonon Interactions in Tantalum Metal 10.6 Nuclear Spin-Phonon Interactions in Antimony Metal 10.7 Squid-Detected Acoustic Magnetic Resonance: A Prognosis ReferencesAppendices A. Selected Physical Constants; Energy Conversion Factors B.