This book had its nucleus in some lectures given by one of us (J. O'M. B. ) in a course on electrochemistry to students of energy conversion at the University of Pennsylvania. It was there that he met a number of people trained in chemistry, physics, biology, metallurgy, and materials science, all of whom wanted to know something about electrochemistry. The concept of writing a book about electrochemistry which could be understood by people with very varied backgrounds was thereby engendered. The lectures were recorded and written up by Dr. Klaus Muller as a 293-page manuscript. At a later stage, A. K. N. R. joined the effort; it was decided to make a fresh start and to write a much more comprehensive text. Of methods for direct energy conversion, the electrochemical one is the most advanced and seems the most likely to become of considerable practical importance. Thus, conversion to electrochemically powered trans portation systems appears to be an important step by means of which the difficulties of air pollution and the effects of an increasing concentration in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide may be met. Corrosion is recognized as having an electrochemical basis. The synthesis of nylon now contains an important electrochemical stage. Some central biological mechanisms have been shown to take place by means of electrochemical reactions. A number of American organizations have recently recommended greatly increased activity in training and research in electrochemistry at universities in the United States.
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ISBN-13
978-1-4615-8600-5 (9781461586005)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4615-8600-5
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Volume 1.- 1 Electrochemistry.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Electrons at and across Interfaces.- 1.3 Basic Electrochemistry.- 1.4 The Relation of Electrochemistry to Other Sciences.- 1.5 Electrodics and Electronics.- 1.6 Transients.- 1.7 Electrodes are Catalysts.- 1.8 The Electromagnetic Theory of Light and the Examination of Electrode Surfaces.- 1.9 Science, Technology, Electrochemistry, and Time.- 2 Ion-Solvent Interactions.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Nonstructural Treatment of Ion-Solvent Interactions.- Further Reading.- 2.3 Structural Treatment of the Ion-Solvent Interactions.- Further Reading.- 2.4 The Solvation Number.- Further Reading.- 2.5 The Dielectric Constant of Water and Ionic Solutions.- Further Reading.- 2.6 Ion-Solvent-Nonelectrolyte Interactions.- Further Reading.- Appendix 2.1 Free Energy Change and Work.- Appendix 2.2 The Interaction between an Ion and a Dipole.- Appendix 2.3 The Interaction between an Ion and a Water Quadrupole.- 3 Ion-Ion Interactions.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 True and Potential Electrolytes.- Further Reading.- 3.3 The Debye-Hückel (or Ion-Cloud) Theory of Ion-Ion Interactions.- Further Reading.- 3.4 Activity Coefficients and Ion-Ion Interactions.- Further Reading.- 3.5 The Triumphs and Limitations of the Debye-Hückel Theory of Activity Coefficients.- Further Reading.- 3.6 Ion-Solvent Interactions and the Activity Coefficient.- Further Reading.- 3.7 The So-Called "Rigorous" Solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation.- Further Reading.- 3.8 Temporary Ion Association in an Electrolytic Solution: Formation of Pairs, Triplets, etc.- Further Reading.- 3.9 The Quasi-Lattice Approach to Concentrated Electrolytic Solutions.- Further Reading.- 3.10 The Study of the Constitution of Electrolytic Solutions.- FurtherReading.- 3.11 A Perspective View on the Theory of Ion-Ion Interactions.- Appendix 3.1 Poisson's Equation for Spherically Symmetrical Charge Distribution.- Appendix 3.2 Evaluation of the Integral $$\int_{r = 0}^{r \to \infty } {{e^{ - (\chi r)}}} (\chi r)d(\chi r)$$.- Appendix 3.3 Derivation of the Result $${f_ + } = {(f_ + ^{{\nu _ + }} + f_ - ^{{\nu _ - }})^{1/\nu }}$$.- Appendix 3.4 To Show That the Minimum in the Pr versus r Curve Occurs at r = ?/2.- Appendix 3.5 Transformation from the Variable r to the Variable y = ?/r.- Appendix 3.6 Relation Between Calculated and Observed Activity Coefficients.- 4 Ion Transport in Solutions.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Ionic Drift under a Chemical-Potential Gradient: Diffusion.- Further Reading.- 4.3 Ionic Drift under an Electric Field: Conduction.- Further Reading.- 4.4 The Simple Atomistic Picture of Ionic Migration.- Further Reading.- 4.5 The Interdependence of Ionic Drifts.- Further Reading.- 4.6 The Influence of Ionic Atmospheres on Ionic Migration.- Further Reading.- 4.7 Nonaqueous Solutions: A New Frontier in Ionics?.- Further Reading.- Appendix 4.1 The Mean Square Distance Traveled by a Random-Walking Particle.- Appendix 4.2 The Laplace Transform of a Constant.- Appendix 4.3 A Few Elementary Ideas on the Theory of Rate Processes.- Appendix 4.4 The Derivation of Equations (4.257) and (4.258).- Appendix 4.5 The Derivation of Equation (4.318).- 5 Protons in Solution.- 5.1 The Case of the Nonconforming Ion: The Proton.- 5.2 Proton Solvation.- Further Reading.- 5.3 Proton Transport.- Further Reading.- 5.4 Homogeneous Proton-Transfer Reactions and Potential Electrolytes.- Further Reading.- 6 Ionic Liquids.- 6.1 Introduction.- Further Reading.- 6.2 Models of Simple Ionic Liquids.- Further Reading.- 6.3 Quantification of theHole Model for Liquid Electrolytes.- Further Reading.- 6.4 Transport Phenomena in Liquid Electrolytes.- Further Reading.- 6.5 The Atomistic View of Transport Processes in Simple Ionic Liquids.- Further Reading.- 6.6 Mixture of Simple Ionic Liquids-Complex Formation.- Further Reading.- 6.7 Mixtures of Liquid Oxide Electrolytes.- Further Reading.- Appendix 6.1 The Effective Mass of a Hole.- Appendix 6.2 Some Properties of the Gamma Function.- Appendix 6.3 The Kinetic Theory Expression for the Viscosity of a Fluid.
