Entrenchment in Usage-Based Theories

1 - Acknowledgements [Seite 7]
2 - Conventions [Seite 13]
3 - Tables [Seite 15]
4 - Figures [Seite 19]
5 - 1 Introduction and overview [Seite 25]
6 - 2 Entrenchment in usage-based theories [Seite 28]
6.1 - 2.1 Entrenchment in usage-based constructionist approaches [Seite 30]
6.2 - 2.2 Entrenchment and usage-based assumptions about language representation and processing [Seite 34]
6.3 - 2.3 Entrenchment in usage-based theories of language acquisition [Seite 37]
6.4 - 2.4 Entrenchment in emergentist theories of language phylogeny [Seite 39]
6.5 - 2.5 Entrenchment in usage-based theories of language change [Seite 41]
6.6 - 2.6 Entrenchment in related frameworks [Seite 44]
6.7 - 2.7 Summary and outlook: The epistemological status of entrenchment in usage-based frameworks [Seite 47]
7 - 3 The cognitive realism of usage-based generalizations, with a special focus on the relationship between token frequencies and entrenchment [Seite 51]
7.1 - 3.1 The assumed link between collective usage and individual representation [Seite 52]
7.2 - 3.2 Against the psychological realism of corpus-derived claims [Seite 57]
7.3 - 3.3 In support of the potential psychological realism of corpus-derived claims [Seite 68]
7.3.1 - 3.3.1 Neuroplasticity [Seite 68]
7.3.2 - 3.3.2 Experimental research on token frequency effects in multi-word sequences [Seite 71]
7.3.3 - 3.3.3 Psycholinguistic research on the entrenchment of multiword sequences [Seite 74]
7.3.4 - 3.3.4 Patholinguistic data showing selective dissociations between holistic versus novel sequences of morphemes [Seite 76]
7.3.5 - 3.3.5 Neuroimaging studies supporting the idea of a neurocognitive split between holistic and compositional modules [Seite 81]
7.4 - 3.4 Conclusion: Can we reasonably expect corpora to predict entrenchment in the mind? [Seite 85]
8 - 4 Operationalizing entrenchment [Seite 90]
8.1 - 4.1 Defining entrenchment [Seite 91]
8.2 - 4.2 Assessing the psychological realism of a statement in experimental terms [Seite 93]
8.3 - 4.3 Sources of inspiration [Seite 96]
8.3.1 - 4.3.1 Gestalt psychology [Seite 97]
8.3.1.1 - 4.3.1.1 Why seek inspiration from non-linguistic lines of research? [Seite 97]
8.3.1.2 - 4.3.1.2 What makes a chunk in Gestalt psychology? [Seite 100]
8.3.2 - 4.3.2 The masked priming paradigm [Seite 109]
8.3.3 - 4.3.3 Frequency effects in English derivatives [Seite 117]
8.3.4 - 4.3.4 Parametric studies on word frequency effects [Seite 125]
8.4 - 4.4 Operationalizing Entrenchment [Seite 128]
9 - 5 Experimental design [Seite 133]
9.1 - 5.1 Stimuli [Seite 133]
9.1.1 - 5.1.1 Stimuli for the masked priming fMRI study [Seite 133]
9.1.1.1 - 5.1.1.1 Stimuli for the main conditions [Seite 133]
9.1.1.2 - 5.1.1.2 Stimuli for the 'no ' -conditions [Seite 140]
9.1.1.3 - 5.1.1.3 Stimuli for the control conditions [Seite 141]
9.1.2 - 5.1.2 Stimuli for the memory experiment [Seite 142]
9.2 - 5.2 Experimental procedures [Seite 143]
9.2.1 - 5.2.1 Experimental procedure for the masked priming fMRI studies [Seite 143]
9.2.2 - 5.2.2 Experimental procedure for the memory task [Seite 147]
10 - 6 Behavioural data analysis [Seite 148]
10.1 - 6.1 Main conditions [Seite 148]
10.1.1 - 6.1.1 General method [Seite 148]
10.1.2 - 6.1.2 Simple linear mixed-effects regression analyses [Seite 148]
10.1.3 - 6.1.3 Multiple mixed-effects regression analyses [Seite 156]
10.1.3.1 - 6.1.3.1 Introductory remarks on methodology [Seite 156]
10.1.3.2 - 6.1.3.2 Multiple regression results for part-to-whole priming [Seite 157]
10.1.3.3 - 6.1.3.3 Multiple regression results for whole-to-part priming [Seite 158]
10.2 - 6.2 Behavioural analyses for the supplementary experiments [Seite 162]
10.2.1 - 6.2.1 Mixed-effects regression analyses for jumbled target priming [Seite 162]
10.2.2 - 6.2.2 Behavioural analyses for the comparison with monomorphemic controls [Seite 167]
10.2.3 - 6.2.3 Behavioural analyses for the memory task [Seite 168]
10.3 - 6.3 Conclusions [Seite 171]
11 - 7 Neuroimaging Data Analysis [Seite 182]
11.1 - 7.1 Introductory remarks [Seite 182]
11.2 - 7.2 Statistical Parametric Imaging analysis [Seite 183]
11.2.1 - 7.2.1 Imaging Parameters [Seite 183]
11.2.2 - 7.2.2 fMRI data analysis [Seite 184]
11.2.3 - 7.2.3 Preprocessing [Seite 184]
11.2.4 - 7.2.4 First-level analysis [Seite 184]
11.3 - 7.3 Results [Seite 185]
11.3.1 - 7.3.1 Second-level analyses [Seite 185]
11.3.2 - 7.3.2 Results for the part-to-whole priming task [Seite 185]
11.3.3 - 7.3.3 Results for the whole-to-part priming task [Seite 193]
11.3.4 - 7.3.4 Results for the jumbled target priming task [Seite 198]
11.3.5 - 7.3.5 Conjunction analysis for the main conditions [Seite 198]
11.4 - 7.4 Conclusion [Seite 203]
12 - 8 Summary and conclusion [Seite 210]
12.1 - 8.1 Summary: Entrenchment in usage-based theories [Seite 210]
12.1.1 - 8.1.1 Research rationale and questions [Seite 210]
12.1.2 - 8.1.2 Operationalizing entrenchment [Seite 213]
12.1.3 - 8.1.3 Behavioural results [Seite 215]
12.1.4 - 8.1.4 fMRI Results [Seite 218]
12.2 - 8.2 Some further theoretical implications [Seite 222]
12.3 - 8.3 The corpus-to-cognition principle: Towards more fine-grained correlations between corpus and cognitive data [Seite 229]
12.4 - 8.4 Outlook [Seite 235]
13 - References [Seite 239]
14 - Appendix [Seite 279]
15 - Index [Seite 302]