South Pacific Englishes

Name: South Pacific Englishes | A Sociolinguistic and Morphosyntactic Profile of Fiji English, Samoan English and Cook Islands English
Brand: John Benjamins Publishing Company
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A Sociolinguistic and Morphosyntactic Profile of Fiji English, Samoan English and Cook Islands English

Carolin Biewer(Autor*in)

John Benjamins Publishing Company

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 20. Mai 2015

XVI, 341 Seiten

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Inhalt

South Pacific Englishes
Editorial page
Title page
LCC data
Table of contents
Abbreviations
List of tables
List of figures
List of maps
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
1.1 The structure of the book
1.2 Previous research on English in the South Pacific
1.2.1 English in Fiji
1.2.2 English in Samoa and the Cook Islands
1.2.3 Publications on South Pacific English(es)
1.2.4 Summary
1.3 Terminology
1.4 Points of comparison in the study of world Englishes
2. The language situation in Fiji, Samoa and the Cook Islands
2.1 Geography and demography
2.2 The native languages
2.3 The spread of English
2.3.1 Early contacts with English
2.3.2 Attitudes and exposure to English in colonial times
2.3.3 The impact of English after political (semi-)independence
2.4 The role of English today
2.4.1 English in politics
2.4.2 English in education
2.4.3 English in literature
2.4.4 English in popular music
2.4.5 English in the mass media
2.4.6 English as the language of religion?
2.4.7 English as a lingua franca or LWC
2.4.8 English in the private domain
2.4.9 Summary
2.5 Local varieties of English: their existence, recognition and assessment
2.5.1 Previous studies
2.5.2 Sketches and stories
2.5.3 Information from the interviews
A rural-urban divide
A divide between young and old
Recognising a difference
2.6 Conclusion
3. Describing South Pacific Englishes: the theoretical framework
3.1 The application of static models of global English to South Pacific L2 varieties
3.2 Regional epicentres of English: A model for the South Pacific?
The term 'epicentre' and its metaphorical allusions
Requirements for epicentre status in the current theoretical framework
Current adoptions of the epicentre theory
Suggestions for an improvement of the current methodology
3.3 Schneider's model of developmental cycles
3.4 Mufwene's feature pool model
The role of the ecology of a language
3.5 Selection principles in the evolution of South Pacific Englishes
3.5.1 Cognitive principles of speech processing and speech production
Hypothesis 1: frequent variants are more likely to be selected than infrequent ones
Hypothesis 2: variants that are perceptually more salient are more likely to be selected
Hypothesis 3: unmarked variants are more likely to be selected than marked ones
Hypothesis 4: formally less complex variants are more likely to be selected than more complex ones
Hypothesis 5: transparent variants are more likely to be selected than opaque ones
Slobin's production principles
3.5.2 Second language acquisition phenomena outside transfer
Slobin's production principles in an L2 setting
The Teddy bear principle
3.5.3 The role of transfer
Andersen's Transfer to somewhere principle
Wald's Shortest path principle
Gap-filling approaches
Degree of integration
Typological distance
Summary
3.5.4 Socio-cultural motivations for language restructuring
Intensity of contact
Language attitudes
Social identity
Accommodation
Other social factors
Cultural motivations for language reorganisation
Social status, power structures and politeness strategies in the South Pacific
Coherence in discourse: South Pacific narratives
3.5.5 Summary: interacting and conflicting principles
4. Methodology and database
4.1 Corpus-assisted research on language variation - a combination of two approaches
4.2 Linguistic field research in the South Pacific
4.2.1 Conducting linguistic interviews in the South Pacific: Theory and practice
Why interviews?
The interview questions
A white stranger as the interviewer
The interview locations
Finding participants
Meeting for the interview
After the interview
Interview ethics
4.2.2 The sociolinguistic questionnaire
4.3 The social stratification of the data
4.3.1 The target group
Overseas experience
English as a first and second language
Ethnic background
Education
4.3.2 The social categories 'gender', 'age' and 'region'
Gender
Age
Defining the variable 'region' for a study on South Pacific Englishes
Language and space in Fiji and Samoa
Language and space in the Cook Islands
4.4 SaFiRa-s: Transcription and mark-up
4.5 Statistical tests and models employed in this study
4.5.1 The suitability of the chi-square test for a study on South Pacific Englishes
4.5.2 A multivariate approach in the study of South Pacific Englishes
The advantages of using Varbrul
The assumptions and conditions of using Varbrul and how they were met
The analysing procedure
5. The morphosyntax of South Pacific Englishes: an overview
5.1 The selected speakers
5.2 The noun phrase
5.2.1 The definite and the indefinite article
5.2.2 Count versus non-count nouns and collective nouns
5.2.3 Demonstratives
5.2.4 Premodifier-noun disagreement and other cases of zero plural
5.2.5 Irregular plurals
5.3 The verb phrase
5.3.1 The progressive aspect
5.3.2 The omission of copula and auxiliary be
5.3.3 The omission of have
5.4 Grammar at the speech unit level
5.4.1 Resumptive pronouns
5.4.2 Pronoun omission: Null objects
Transitivity in the Oceanic languages and native varieties of English
Zero anaphora in English and the Oceanic languages
Pronoun omission in other L2 varieties
5.4.3 Subject-verb disagreement
5.5 A quantitative analysis of selected morphosyntactic features
5.6 Conclusion
6. Talking about the past in South Pacific Englishes
6.1 Verbal past tense non-marking: finding patterns
Transfer from the Oceanic languages
Non-present use of the present tense in ENL
Consonant cluster reduction
Second language acquisition phenomena outside transfer
Socio-cultural motivations
Overview
6.2 Previous studies on past tense marking and t,d deletion
6.3 A quantitative analysis
6.3.1 Defining the variable
Individual verbs, non-standard usage and phonological contexts
Aspects of spoken discourse
6.3.2 Results
6.4 A multivariate analysis
6.4.1 Defining the dependent variable and the factor groups of potential influence
External factors
Discourse type
Grammatical aspect
Lexical aspect
Time adverbials as a means of time disambiguation
Verb morphology
Phonological conditions
6.4.2 Results
The intralinguistic variables
Grammatical aspect
Discourse type
Verb morphology
Time adverbials
Lexical aspect
Morphological conditions for irregular verbs
Phonological conditions for regular verbs
Discussion
The social variables
The Samoan and Cook Islands data
The Fijian data
Age
Gender
Region
Discussion
6.5 Conclusion
7. New Zealand English as a potential epicentre in the South Pacific
7.1 Extralinguistic factors
7.1.1 Geographical closeness
7.1.2 New Zealand as a geopolitical power in the South Pacific
New Zealand as an economic power
New Zealand as a political power
New Zealand's influence in education
7.1.3 Intensifying contacts: New Zealand as a migration destination
7.1.4 New Zealand in the media
7.1.5 Sports
7.1.6 "This is Pacifica": New Zealand as a modern Pacific nation
7.1.7 Attitudes displayed in the interviews
7.1.8 Discussion
7.2 Is epicentric influence provable on the structural level? A case study on plural existentials
7.2.1 The influence of New Zealand English on the structure of South Pacific Englishes - some prelim
7.2.2 Plural existentials in South Pacific Englishes and New Zealand English - data and definition
The data
Defining the variable
7.2.3 Existential sentences in the Oceanic languages
7.2.4 First quantitative results and their implications
7.2.5 A multivariate analysis: Conditioning factors
Presence or absence of plural -s on the head of the noun phrase
Type of determiner
Distance between verb and subject noun
7.2.6 A multivariate analysis: Results
Intervening material
Type of determiner
Presence or absence of plural -s marking on the head of the noun phrase
Age and gender
Discussion
7.3 Theoretical implications: A reassessment of the epicentre theory
7.3.1 Why epicentric influence on L2 varieties will remain difficult to prove on the structural leve
7.3.2 Rethinking current methodology and the concept of epicentres
7.4 Conclusion
8. Conclusion
Main results of the present study and their implications
South Pacific Englishes - a look into the future
References
Appendix
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Index

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