A Textbook in Classical Tibetan

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Structure of the textbook

Language history

Tibetic languages and their genetic affiliation

Geographic distribution of Tibetic languages

Characterisation of Tibetic languages

Tibetic languages in diachrony

Written vs spoken Tibetic languages

Classical Tibetan

Tibetan script

History

The script

Syllable

Numbers

Punctuation marks

Word order in dictionaries

Tibetan transliteration of Indian scripts

Lesson 1

Word

Tibetan as an agglutinative language

Particles. An overview

Noun

Adjective

Demonstrative

Indefinite particle

Noun phrase

Grammatical case

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 2

Word order in a clause

Absolutive

Copula ???? and its negation ????

Number

Personal pronouns

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 3

Locative

Dative

Copula ???? and its negation ????

Genitive

Possessive pronouns

Final particle ???

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 4

Tibetan verbs. An overview

Intransitive verbs

Terminative case

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 5

Transitive verbs

Tibetan as an ergative language

Ergative

Comitative

Translation of clauses

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 6

Elative

Delative

Negation

Imperative

Prohibitive

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 7

Nominal particles

?? ~ ?? particle

?? particle

??? ~ ??? particle

??? particle

?? particle

??? particle

?? ~ ?? ~ ?? particle

??? particle

General remarks

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 8

Converbs

Coordinative particle

Non-controllable transitive verbs

Speech register

Adverbs

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 9

Gerundial particle

Focus particle

Diminutive particle

Apposition

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 10

Concessive particle

Postpositions and postpositional phrases

Possessive particle ???

Adjectives ???? and ????

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 11

Questions

Nominalisation

Relative clauses

Exercise

Word list

Lesson 12

Case converbs

Verb + case particle

Verb + ??/ ?? + case particle

Reading

Lesson 13

Direct speech

Indirect speech

Interjections

Compounds

Modal verbs

Causative verb ?????

Reading

Lesson 14

Passive

Possessive attributes

Complex attributes

Ellipsis

Omission of coreferential arguments

Impersonal clause

Other pronouns

Reading

Lesson 15

Morphology of transitive and intransitive verbs

Other converbial particles

Light verbs

Incorporation

Idioms

Measure words

Comparative and superlative

Double case particles

Ergative in quotations

Reading

Lesson 16

Auxiliary particle ?????

Analytical verb constructions

Concessive auxiliary ????

Purposive particle ?????

Reading

Lesson 17

Clause chaining

Determiners

Reduplication

Numerals

Reading

Lesson 18

Impact of Sanskrit on Classical Tibetan

Metrics

Reading

Readings

Reading I: Householder Dbyig-pa-can

Reading II: The descent of Tibetan people from a monkey and a rock-ogress

Reading III: The death of Mi-la Ras-pa's father

Reading IV: A Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels

Translations of exercises and readings

Exercises

Readings

Linguistic glossary

Appendices

Appendix A: Writing instructions

Appendix B: Transliteration systems. A comparative table

Appendix C: Combinations of sub-, pre-, and superscripts with base letters

Appendix D: Particles

Appendix E: Semantics of converbial particles

Appendix F: Analytical verb constructions

Appendix G: Syntactic structures

Glossary

Symbols and Abbreviations

Sigla

References

Subject index