Performance-Based Specifications and Control of Concrete Durability

Preface.- 1. Introduction, by H. Beushausen.- 1.1 Background to the work of TC 230-PSC.- 1.2 Terminology.- References.- 2. Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Penetrability, by L.-O. Nilsson, S. Kamali-Bernard, M. Santhanam.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Mechanisms Causing Reinforcement Corrosion.- 2.3 Concrete Properties Relating to the Ingress of Aggressive Agents.- 2.4 Service Life and Deterioration Models (Principles).- References.- 3. Prescriptive Durability Specifications, by R. Torrent, R. d'Andrea, A. Gonçalves, F. Jacobs, K. Imamoto, A. Kanellopoulos, M. Khrapko, A. Monteiro, S. V. Nanukuttan.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Exposure Classes.- 3.3 Materials.- 3.4 Service Life.- 3.5 Concrete Strength Grades.- 3.6 Mix Composition Prescriptions.- 3.7 Contribution of Supplementary Cementitious Materials.- 3.8 Cover Depth Prescriptions.- 3.9 Concrete Practices.- 3.10 Compliance/Conformity Control.- 3.11 Discussion and Conclusions.- References.- 4. Test Methods for Concrete Durability Indicators, by D. Bjegovic, M. Serdar, I. S. Oslakovic, F. Jacobs, H. Beushausen, C. Andrade, A. V. Monteiro, P. Paulini, S. Nanukuttan.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Gas Permeability.- 4.3 Water Permeability.- 4.4 Capillary Absorption.- 4.5 Chloride Penetration.- 4.6 Concrete Resistivity and Conductivity.- 4.7 Final Remarks.- References.- 5. Principles of the Performance-Based Approach for Concrete Durability, by H. Beushausen, M. G. Alexander, M. Basheer, V. Baroghel-Bouny, R. d'Andrea, A. Gonçalves, J. Gulikers, F. Jacobs, M. Khrapko, A. V. Monteiro, S. V. Nanukuttan, M. Otieno, R. Polder, R. Torrent.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Pre-Qualification versus Compliance Control.- 5.3 Performance-Based Design and Specification (Pre-Qualification).- 5.4 Performance-Based Quality Control and Compliance Assessment.- 5.5 Environmental Actions (Quantification).- 5.6 Development of Limiting Values for Specification and Compliance Control.- References.- 6. Statistical Procedures for Performance-basedSpecification and Testing, by Werner A. Stahel, Fabrizio Moro, Luis Fernandez Luco.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Distributions.- 6.3 Basic statistical inference.- 6.4 Analysis of variance and regression.- Bibliography.- 7. Responsibilities, by D. Hooton, M. Khrapko, M. Otieno, M. Ismail.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Performance-Based Durability Limits.- 7.3 Verification of Durability.- 7.4 Quality Management using Performance-Based Specifications.- 7.5 Responsibilities of the Owner/Specifier, Contractor and Supplier/Producer.- 7.6 Conclusion.- References.- 8. Application Examples of Performance-Based Specification and Quality Control, by H. Beushausen, M. G. Alexander, C. Andrade, M. Basheer, V. Baroghel-Bouny, D. Corbett, R. d'Andrea, A. Gonçalves, J. Gulikers, F. Jacobs, A. V. Monteiro, S. V. Nanukuttan, M. Otieno, R. Polder and R. Torrent.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Site Air-Permeability ("Torrent Method").- 8.3 Oxygen Permeability Index (South Africa).- 8.4 Autoclam Permeability System (UK).- 8.5 Service Life Prediction using Concrete Resistivity (Spain).- 8.6 Surface Resistivity (USA).- 8.7 Two Electrode Resistivity Method (the Netherlands).- 8.8 Chloride Conductivity Index (South Africa).- 8.9 Rapid Chloride Migration Test (suggested for Application in the Netherlands).- 8.10 In Situ Ionic Migration Test: PERMIT (UK).- 8.11 Multi-Level Prediction of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Durability.- 8.12 Portuguese Technical Specifications.- References.- 9. Basis for the Statistical Evaluation of Measured Cover Depths in Reinforced Concrete Structures, by A. V. Monteiro, A. Gonçalves, J. Gulikers and F. Jacobs.- 9.1 Definitions.- 9.2 Introduction.- 9.3 Procedure A: Inspection by Variables.- 9.4 Procedure B: Inspection by Attributes.- 9.5 Procedure C: Inspection by Attributes - Large Lots.- 9.6 German Code of Practice.- 9.7 Actions in the Case of Non-Conformity.- 9.8 Examples.- 9.9 Final Remarks.- References.- Appendices to Chapter 9.- A9.1 Construction of Probability Plots and Detection of Potential Outliers.- A9.2 Definition of the Lower One-Sided Tolerance Limit [12].- A9.3 Dealing with Spatial Autocorrelation.- A9.4 Construction of OC Curves [12].- 10. Venlo Application Testing (summary), by L. Fernandez Luco, H. Beushausen, F. Jacobs, M. Serdar.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Summary of test results.- 10.3 Further assessment from compiled rankings.- Acknowledgements.- 11. Venlo Application Testing (Individual Reports and Additional Data), by H. Beushausen, L.Fernandez Luco, F. Jacobs, M. Serdar, M. Basheer, S. Nanukuttan, R. Torrent, K. Imamoto.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Panel Manufacture and Concrete Properties.- 11.3 Air Permeability (OPI) and Chloride Penetration (CCI).- 11.4 Air-Permeability ("Torrent Method") and Cover Depth.- 11.5 Autoclam Permeability tests.- 11.6 Permit Ion Migration Test.- 11.7 Single Chamber Method.- 11.8 Air Permeability (Packer Test).- 11.9 Air Permeability (Seal Method).- 11.10 Water Absorption (SWAT).- 11.11 References.- 12. Conclusions, by H. Beushausen.- Appendix A: Performance-Based Test Methods and Applications (By Country).